A Review on the Role of Expert System in Nephrology

A Review on the Role of Expert System in NephrologyMr. Sagar S. Mali, Dr. R. V. KulkarniAbstractExpert corpse refers to cogency of the machine to collect data, performing op periodtions on that data, and provide the right-hand(a) and accurate results. The Expert arrangement brings the intelligence like the clement intelligence which is embed into them by the computer programs. The use of Expert system in Nephrology concerns itself with the study of normal kidney function, kidney capers, and the treatment of kidney problems by the use of IT. There is need to transformation of the human expert experience to the machine. So that users of the system get the quick information about the particular disease in the field of Nephrology. The many questioners want to beat the system by using the fuzzy sets and neural computing. Author wants to present the exhaustive review on the role of expert system in Nephrology with peculiar(prenominal) summons to kidney functions, kidney problem s and kidney problem solutions through expert system.Keywords Expert System, NephrologyINTRODUCTIONThe human body is the made up of the various parts. To take care of it the medical intelligence exists from thousands of years and growth of its growing tremendously. It includes the various runneres like biochemistry, molecular biology, medicinal chemistry, microbiology, neuroscience, physiology, nutrition, vision science and biomedical technology etc. In the recent era the use of IT for the medical science gives the precious contribution for the systematic development.The Medical Expert helps for analyse the medical disease that suggest to unhurrieds for about their health problems. only when due to new amendments use of expert system is must. The Medical experts / doctors give treatment to patients with their experience and judgment. But nearlytimes he/she fails to treat the patient if the correct diagnosis is not made on patient disease or due to lacunas of expert Knowledge in the respective field. So it is the major(ip) problem for the junior doctors to learn new things and to patients also to know about their health problems because they cant make experiment in reality because life is the actually important. Another major problem is that the experienced Doctors/ Experts cannot always teach to junior or cannot tell to individual patients about their disease due to geographical fix problems. It may require lot of cost and time for doctors and patients also.EXPERT SYSTEMExpert system refers to the mechanism which has the cap magnate of collecting core data, process on it, analyze, make synthesis, perform operations, and provide the correct and accurate results which help to any individual or to any organization to take their best decisions. It is the specialized branch of Artificial Intelligence.Now days in various areas the expert system is working just like the medical, space research, security department, in banks and so on. The major use of the e xpert system to reduce the technical error related to business processing, logic processing and data processing. Expert systems are widely utilize in the field of medical to diagnose the patient disease.OBJECTIVETo take the review on the role of expert system in Nephrology with special reference to kidney functions, kidney problems and kidney problem solutions through expert system.REVIEW OF LITERATURELaith R. Fleaih, in his paper Expert system for Diagnosing kidney diseases stated that the neural computing system knowing to restrain the medical decision process using medical imaging databases and creating the optimal systems for ministry of the health to help the physician to making the correct decision with in high spirits certainty also give suitcapable medical device and can use for training the medical stuff easily. Main aim of the protruded system is the ability to diagnose of the kidney disease by in hospital or in the clinical center.Pornpimol Meemasuk and Chantana Chan trapornchai, presented paper On the Development of Nutrition Information Systems for Kidney Disease Patients focuses on the use of information system to aid kidney disease patients. There are various kinds of kidney diseases. Each of them requires the certain limitation of food nutrition, especially, sodium, potassium, protein, etc. In some situation, the protein may need to increase while in some case the protein needs to be decreased.Sandeep Soman, Gerard Zasuwa, Jerry Yee in the paper Automation, Decision escort and expert system in Nephrology presented that increasing data suggest that errors in medicine occur frequently and result in substantial harm to the patient. Clinical decision support systems (cdsss) are active knowledge systems that use 2 or more items of patient data to generate case specific recommendations. This article describes how automation, templating, and cdss improve efficiency, patient care, and safety by reducing the frequency and consequences of medical e rrors in nephrology.M.Surendra Prasad Babu, L. Sreedhar, Dr. K. Rammurthy, in the paper Hematology Expert System apply Rule Based instrument stated The Hematology information system helps the people to know about the information about the different aspects of Hematology. The Hematology Advisory system helps the patients to get the needful advices about the different diseases attacked to them due to their blood disorders. System is developed using JSP and MySQL.Wim Van Biesen, Guido Sieben, Norbert Lameire and Raymond Vanholder In their paper stated that the patients as having glomerular or tubular disease with a high sensitivity and predictive value. The rule-based system performs worse than the neural networks. The most adequate results were obtained with the hybrid system. They employ Kohonen map is cap able of classifying the patients.Miroslave ivandic, walter hofmann and walter g guder, in his paper Development and evaluation of a urine protein expert system developed expert system that describes use of DSS for medical judicial decision of urine protein differentiation provides a standard of high and constant quality. A graduated and transparent decision process is implemented in the hybrid knowledge base that uses both production rule and geometric distance classification as complementary method of knowledge representation.da Vinci F. Duarte said in his research paper Expert System for diagnosis and treatment of diabetes that intelligent system gives diagnosis and steps to follow in order to achieve optimum health status for the patient.FINDINGSThere is Expert system for Nephrology but all the aspects are not covered related to the nephrology.No fully implemented expert system is available which open source.The system is not used by the patients only doctors or experts are using it for diagnosis purpose in their clinic or hospitals.No web based full-fledged implementation.SUGGESTIONSExpert System in Nephrology which includes collection of disease dat a in well from and then it will make diagnosis.to a fault system should provide the suggestion for food nutrition to the kidney patients according to their age group.System will be open source which will be used by anybody across the world.System will provide the drugs information and exercise information to the patients also depending on their type and stage of kidney disease.CONCLUDING REMARKAlthough the literature presents that researches are made in the field of Nephrology but whole areas of it is not taken into consideration for developing the expert system. So author want to propose new research in all areas of Nephrology which includes diagnosis, suggestions, and food nutrition for the patients and system is developed by using open source platform.REFERENCES1 Laith R. Fleaih, Expert system for diagnosing kidney diseases, international journal of computers technology, Vol.14, No. 3, Page 5517,Dec. 2014.2 Pornpimol Meemasuk and Chantana Chantrapornchai, On the Development of Nutrition Information Systems for Kidney Disease Patients, International Journal of Database Theory and Application, Vol. 6, No. 3, June 2013.3 Sandeep Soman, Gerard Zasuwa, Jerry Yee, Automation, Decision support and expert system in Nephrology US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health , 15(1)42-55, Jan 2008.4 M.Surendra Prasad Babu, L. Sreedhar, Dr. K. Rammurthy, in the paper Hematology Expert System Using Rule Based Mechanism, ISSN 2231-071 IJCSET April 2011 Vol 1, Issue 3,103-106.5 Miroslave ivandic, walter hofmann and walter g guder, Development and evaluation of a urine protein expert system, Clinical chemistry 42, No. 8, 1996.6 Leonardo F. Duarte said in his research paper Expert System for diagnosis and treatment of diabetes, spring 2003.7 http//www.kidney.nyc/kidney-disease/8 http//www.webmd.com/drugs/index-drugs.aspx9 http/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephrology