Criminal Justice for Mentally Sick Offenders Coursework

Criminal Justice for Mentally Sick Offenders - Coursework Example The review examines these problems and presents recommendations for preventing such problems and alleviating it further. In this connection Mental Health Act 1984 was taken into study including all pertinent references, results and conclusions. After research of clinical studies it came into light that 6 to 15 percent persons are in city and county jails and 10 to 15 percent persons in the state prisons are suffering from severe mental illness and poor functioning. A considerable numbers from them are homeless, it seems that a majority of mentally sick person are arrested compare to general population of the society. One of the causes evaluated during research in criminal justice system is deinstitutionalization. Adopt more rigid criteria for civil necessities, lack of complete community treatment and the harsh attitude of police and society with this neglected segment of society. This segment is hardly access to community treatment and basic amenities of life. Recommendations includ e reforms in the act through which careful necessary treatment and after care treatment may be provided to such people. Jail detainees should go through a careful screening process and as per their past history and family support, as well as, police officers should be trained formally in this regard. In order to create a positivism segment in our society, offenders having mental disorders may get mental health training, when a minor offence have been committed by them. CONTENTS S. # Name of Chapter Page # 1. 1.1 Chapter 1 Mental Health Act 1984 . 5 1.2 Who is Patient under the Law. 5 2. Chapter 2 Criminal Justice System Related To Mentally Disordered Offenders 6 2.1 Definition of Mental Disorder .. 6 2.2 Health, Social Work and Related Services for Mentally Disordered Offenders 6 2.3 Current Health and Social Work Services Health Services 7 2.4 Local General and Forensic Psychiatric Services. 7 2.5 Out Patient and Community Service. 8 2.6 In Patient Care 8 2.7 Intensive Psychiatric Care Units 9 2.8 Forensic Psychiatric Service 9 2.9 Secure Provision 9 2.10 Admissibility of Confessions.. 10 2.11 Diversions and Public Interest Considerations .. 10 3. Chapter 3 The Standard For Information Required For Establishing A Mental Disorder. 11 4. Chapter 4 Some important figures / Tables / Graphs regarding mentally sick criminals/patients. 13 5. Chapter 5 Primary Care Criteria for Mentally Disordered Patient. 15 5.1 Medical Reports 15 5.2 Criteria for Adults.. 16 5.3 Referral Letter for Adults... 17 5.4 Criteria for Children Adolescents ... 17 5.5 Referral Letter for Children... 18 6. Chapter 6 Use of Mental Health Act 1984. 21 6.1 Before the Assessment.. 22 6.2 During the Assessment.. 23 6.3 Section 24.. 23 6.4 Section 18.. 24 6.5 Arranging Admission. 25 6.6 If the patient is not admitted . 26 6.7 Responsibilities of the Police (Home Office Circular No. 12/95) 26 6.8 Hospital Directions 27 7. Chapter 7 Rehabilitation of Mentally Disordered Offenders 28 8. Chapter 8 Proposals to Reform Mental Health... 32 9. Chapter 9 Editorial by Jill Peay and Nigel Eastman 35 10. Chapter 10 Editorial by Professor Jill Peay "An indefensible gap in mental health law" ... 37 11. Chapter 11 Book Review of Professor Jill Peay Book.. 38 12. Chapter 12 Results and Discussions 42 13. Chapter

Internship Experience for an ESL Teacher Essay Example for Free

Internship Experience for an ESL Teacher Essay As a foreign student with a degree in Informatics and Library and currently pursuing a master’s degree at the University of Pennsylvania in Adult and Community Education Program, I have a vision of teaching English as a second language in Saudi Arabia. To this effect, I have been on an internship project at the Communications Media department at the same university between January and March this year. The main purpose for the internship was to give me an exposure to the kind of environment I will find myself working in as an ESL teacher. ESL is a course that is offered to people who wish to learn English as a second language. Thesis Statement For my internship, I was attached at the Communication Department at the University of Pennsylvania where my duties included but were but not limited to coordinating activities between students taking English as a Second Language (ESL) and conversation partners at the American Language Institute. Also in the line of my duty was the task of overseeing how the two groups have been progressing together. The internship was time well spent and it played a very important role in familiarising me with the classroom set up at an ESL teaching centre. I also had the opportunity to learn much about the job and what it entails as well as the kind of challenges that I may encounter in the course of my career. Taking my internship course at University of Pennsylvania was the most convenient choice that I made. The communications Media Department where I was attached is right on the campus and I was therefore able to operate from my residence without any hustles of commuting from one place to another. It was also convenient in that I was able to coordinate between my classes at the Adult Community Program centre and the training on the internship. The convenience made life a little more comfortable for me because of reduced costs of transport. The internship kept me in good relations with the law because being in one place helped me avoid any instances of breaking immigration rules set for foreign students. The convenience of having all my activities centralised on Campus has played well in helping me to develop my social skills. This is because it has been easy to have extra interaction with some of the students when the opportunity allowed and as a teacher, this was very helpful in that I could closely get to know more about the challenges that ESL students face in their social life as foreign students. Since we were all from different social backgrounds, the interaction helped to improve my social relations with others considering the diversity of culture represented in the ESL class. A close bond between teacher and student is very important as it helps students to learn better and also helps the teacher to improve their skills. Knowing students a little bit more beyond the classroom set up is very important for teacher-student relations. Interaction with the volunteers from the American Language Institute helped me learn more about American society. With these two groups, I was able to share my challenges as a foreign student in America and also listen to theirs and suggest possible solutions. This helped learning easier and more interesting for the students. The sole purpose of learning an extra language is to aid the learner in communicating easily through the desired language. Despite the fact that I speak the English language, the experience I got from the internship greatly helped to improve my skills in conversing with others. The interaction I had with the students as well as the volunteers in the ESL learning programme exposed me to those who were learning and others who were there to assist in learning. It was a learning experience for me as I was able to improve on my fluency and using correct grammar when conversing in the English language. By identifying the students’ challenges in learning to converse in English, I was able to polish my own language especially in using of proper tenses, right statements and remarks. The ESL program brings together people from different cultural backgrounds. Students come here with the aim of learning English that will help them to adapt to their new environment and they are helped through this process by communication partners. Through interaction with this group at the ESL program, I got exposed to a diversity of cultures and it was interesting to get to learn about different cultures and practises of the world. It is interesting to note how the world can meet in such a small set up as a classroom. This knowledge is very important for me in my pursuit of a career in ESL teaching as it will help me adopt to any new culture that I may be exposed to. Objectives were set to enable me achieve the goals of the internship. They were supposed to guide me in carrying out activities that internship period. This would enable me acquire knowledge and skills that are required for one to become an effective ESL student’s teacher. The experience would give me an opportunity to give my suggestions and ideas in order to improve students teaching techniques and materials. In this essay, there will be a reflection on the meaning of the internship experience for my intellectual development and career planning. The internship experience was necessary in equipping me with new learning. It would offer me knowledge and skills required in future teaching work with the language students. Suggestions and ideas that can improve teaching techniques and materials for the students would contribute in achieving my new learning objective. Engaging volunteers achieved this in sessions on curriculum and teaching methods, recommending improvements in class handling discussing organizational concerns with volunteers, drafting lesson plans and evaluating them and discussing educational techniques with volunteers. My objective to teach volunteers on how to interact with English was achieved by carrying out the following activities; directing English lessons in the classroom, engaging the volunteers on curriculum and teaching methods, evaluating their performances and recommending necessary changes in class. The assignments that were offered to the students is a sure evidence that this objective was attained. Creating organizational system to allow educators to organize volunteer schedules and paper work effectively was enhanced by meeting and discussing organizational concerns with the volunteers, organizing schedules to avoid confusion, handling volunteer and class paper work and documentation as well as getting program feedback from the student Creating lesson plans for the volunteer teachers was achieved by; drafting lesson plans for teaching, adapting the teachers according to the class needs, discussing the quality of lesson plans and suggesting their changes, incorporating volunteer opinions in final lesson plans and finally implementing the lesson plan. I managed to work with the students and volunteers of presentation materials, decided upon educational techniques and ensured students follow guidelines in presentation. This assisted me in acquiring skills in creating presentation materials. As a teacher, I accommodated a certain number of students when my time allowed, graded and encouraged students and understanding the students’ need. The current challenges and problems in the classroom were discussed with fellow teachers. This in turn, ensured the students were taught as require by the instruction formal program. Additionally, experience at the ESL classes helped me to learn about other methods used in communicating apart from mouth language. These other methods are important in that as a teacher, knowledge of different methods of communication helps one to assess whether you are communicating fully or as desired by the students. Such methods include but are not limited to using parts of the body to express ourselves or gesturing and also the use of facial expressions. It was interesting to learn that a lot of communication can take place through non-verbal methods. At the end of the internship, I had developed a lot of confidence in conversing with students, being able to interact freely and easily with them as well as understanding diverse cultures and the styles they used to converse non-verbally in the different cultures. My internship was even more helpful as a master’s student in the Adult Education and Community programme. There was much more to learn from the experience at the ESL classes than I had earlier imagined. Interacting with students and volunteers from different cultures of the world helped me to grow as a person as well as to acquire intellectual improvement. I got exposed to diversity of cultures at very close range, something I had not encountered before and after such an experience, it becomes easy to be able to teach English anywhere in the world. This is because of the ability that I have gained to assess student issues anywhere. The ESL students mostly constitute of foreigners who wish to learn English so that they can be able to adapt to their new environments. Such students obviously encounter several challenges in the process of their resettlement and my experience with them enlightened me on ways in which I can be able to evaluate and understand their problems and the approach I can take in helping them to settle such problems. The ESL classes also constitute of people of different ages and as a future adult teacher, the internship has offered me great help in best ways of handling adults at different age categories. It is now easy to identify with their emotions and to know how well to help them cope with learning. Through this experience, I have realised that my own problems as a foreign student were not unique and that I have a lot to share in common with other foreigners that I shall encounter in the course of my career. I now have a burden to offer as much help as I can to make learning comfortable for foreigners. It made me feel even luckier that I could speak the language myself and made me realise that it was easier for me to adapt to my environment than those that cannot speak the language. Internship enriched me with methods of teaching that can be highly effective such as creating the right atmosphere for free teacher and student interaction and getting the students to give feedback on the way that they are fairing in their learning process. I learnt the essentiality of making the environment conducive for the students as it makes learning easier for them. Students can only learn successfully if several of these factors are pooled together. The internship was a good ground to put into practice what I had learnt from my course work.. Getting the chance to utilise my knowledge created a feeling of confidence in me as well as helped me to rectify and improve on areas that appeared weak. It is now possible for me to be able to come up with new ideas that can be applied in the ESL teaching program. This internship has surely given me the right exposure for my future career. Teaching at an ESL class is no longer a new encounter for me and I can affirm the fact that it is only through practice that one is able to assess whether you are ripe for a career. The challenges encountered in an ESL program set up are no longer strange to me. The internship has given me good experience in handling adults in a classroom set up and has helped to build confidence in me as an adult teacher. I believe this experience will assist me a great deal in planning and writing my thesis for the course that I am undertaking. Knowledge is only useful if it is put into practice. The internship offered me an opportunity to put into practice a lot of knowledge both academic and otherwise and gave me good direction on best ways of detecting, identifying and getting solutions to any challenges that may cross my path in the course of my career as an ESL teacher. By offering my own suggestions and contributing ideas on how teaching at ESL classes can be improved, my own personal growth in the career is advancing. I now have the confidence to handle adults in a learning environment and to be able to identify with their emotions, weaknesses, likes and dislikes and to handle such factors without interfering with the learning process. The students were taken out to become conversant with various aspects of the country. Supplementation of students’ knowledge on English by informally speaking with them aided their learning on the English language. On the other hand, not all objectives were achieved fully. There were several problems and challenges that made the achievement of these objectives difficult. The problems that were experienced included; volunteer delayed easy interaction with the students, and volunteers could not identify and understand concerns of all students fully. Though it took some time before they interacted easily with the students, they later managed to do it. There were few communication and organization problems that arose but were sorted out with time. It was also a bit difficult to develop lesson plans containing all relevant information for the course at one particular time. This experience assisted me to improve my conversation skills. This was due to the interaction with both the volunteers and the students. During this interaction conversations between me and then assisted me to gain fluency and correct grammar when conversing. The use of correct tenses, remarks and statements in order to pass the necessary language enabled me to identify their needs in their classes. Conclusion Internship has proved to be a very helpful undertaking and I would recommend it to anyone that wishes to develop and pursue a successful career. It offers a good opportunity to learn so much about the pros and cons of a job. From the experience that I have had at the internship, I believe that I have fewer challenges to face in my future career as an ESL teacher in Saudi Arabia. This is because the internship has prepared me on almost every aspect of human interaction is it personal, social or cultural that I need in my career. The exposure to people from different social backgrounds and different cultures will serve to help me adapt to new cultural backgrounds as it gives the right psychological preparation for such an encounter. The ESL class encounter will help me to adapt in a situation where I may find myself learning a new language. The whole experience was worth the time and effort. References Dolores, La Guardia. , Guth P. H. , (2000). American Voices. Culture and Community. Toronto, Mayfield Publishers.

How did the Dada Artists Challenge the Contemporary Art?

How did the Dada Artists Challenge the Contemporary Art? This essay will dive into the world of dada by firstly exploring the movement with an in-depth look into the brief history of dada and the foundations of which it was built around, how it changed art Dada was not just an art movement but as much of an cultural movement, this revolutionary movement originated in Zurich, Switzerland in the early months of 1916 it was one of the shortest lived art movements and only survived less than 10years until 1924 Dadaism did not start off as an art movement it was born of more as a artistic protest that grew as a response to not only the carnage that was world war one but also to the destruction of society that was crumbling around them, as the war spiralled across Europe the majority of the artists who founded dada had witnessed the relentless slaughter of innocent men, women and children as undeniable proof that the nationalist authorities had failed society and was undeniably corrupt. With most of the Dadaists being directly affected by WW1 and fleeing from across Europe themselves to seek refuge in Switzerland as many people did with Switzerland being neutral within the wall it became a safe haven for a huge number of people including many artists and intellects who found sanctuary in Zurich, which was the birthplace of dada included in the refuges that escaped the destruction of the war where a young couple from Munich, Germany named Hugo Ball who was a former theatre director and his gi rlfriend Emily Hennings a dancer who also wrote her own poems and books not long after arriving they became the parents of dada when they convinced the owner of a nearby cafà © to let them rent a room from him to begin a cabaret club. They named their club Cabaret Voltaire (fig .1) after one of Frances greatest entitlement writers Francois- Marie Arount and commonly known as Voltaire he was a famous writer, historian, poet and philosopher but was most famous for his wit and his attacks on the roman catholic church with his advocacy of freedom of religion and speech you can see how the young couple related to his values and beliefs and used him as an advocate and inspiration in the laying of the foundations of dada. Cabaret Voltaire opened its doors February 5th 1916 with Hugo Ball sent out a press release that translated Cabaret Voltaire under this name a group of young artists and writers has formed with the objective of becoming a centre of artistic entertainment in principle, guest artist will come and give musical performances and readings at the daily meetings. Young artists of Zurich whatever their tendencies, are invited to come along with suggestions and contributions of all kinds and with this release the dada family was formed with a bunch of like-minded misfits who included Marcel Janco, Tristian Tarzara, Richard Huelsenbeck, Hans (jean) Arp, Sophie Taeuber, Kurt Schwitters, Marcel Duchamp and Joan Miro ( fig.2) all coming through the doors within the first couple nights of the club opening and they quickly bonded over not just society but art and they woes of the world surrounding them and how many in society did not know or care with the world surrounding them, this small group of people connected over art and the discretion of the world around it and became close friends spending most days and nights together discussing and practising their own politics, views and art. With the Cabaret Voltaire being run by this close group of friends it became a cross between a night club and arts centre while here artist could showcase their work in a whole new experimental environment, often playing around with music, dance, theatre, poetry, readings, photography and all photography and often experimenting with visual arts. while showcasing their art to the art society of Zurich they could discuss the world around them and the founders became united in their views and their protest the war, society and the establishment. Performances in the beginning were relatively conventional being true to a variety show but as WW1 grew so did the artists anger and wanting for change and realisation, part of the movement was a full-on strike on the art world which they saw as part of the system it was considered likewise accountable and therefore had to be overthrown. Dada questioned the value of all art and whether its existence was simply an indulgence of the middle and upper-class they confronted traditional artistic values with nonsensical and irrational attitudes and with these provoked conservative complacencies with outrageous statements and actions as within a couple of weeks the artists at Cabaret Voltaire were experimenting with shock tactics becoming increasingly unorthodox and rebellious with its art and as soon as the founders became aware that the crowds were drawn to this type of art and valued it they began to run with it they began to showcase their own politics and views and rebelled more and mor e against art, society and the war. Although the Dadaists were united in their ideals they had no unifying style, an between the short lived period of Dada group it attracted many different type of artists who were not willing to conform to societies standards of art which meant the artists could allow the movement to have so many diverse styles which allowed them to play with their art and grow with new styles and bring to life new art. The Cabaret Voltaire and its members pushed the boundaries that surrounded them in a very short lived time together at the Cabaret Voltaire as it was forced to closed their doors only six months after it opened due to the nightly antics of the huge crowds that were drawn to the club and the relaxed nature of the lease owners not paying rent. Marx and Mills Theories of Freedom: A Comparison Marx and Mills Theories of Freedom: A Comparison SANDRINE UWIMANA MARX AND MILL’S VIEWS ON FREEDOM. This essay compares and contrasts Karl Marx and J.S. Mill on their understandings of freedom and their analyses of the impediments to its realization. Both Marx and Mill agree that human beings are capable of making progress and that the concept of freedom is an end in itself. Thus, they saw freedom as a means to realise individual potential and self-determination. However, both differ on the concept of freedom realisation and the impediments to freedom. Mill argues that the impediment to freedom is the masculine society while Marx argues that the impediment to freedom is the bourgeoisie. Furthermore, the essay discusses the intervention by state/society into freedom. Mill assert that the society can interfere into someone’s freedom when there is harm done to others. For Mill freedom should be exercised as long as there is no harm done to others while Marx supports the freedom to overthrow the bourgeoisie . On the other hand, Marx views hold that the government/ society should intervene in individual freedom to avoid individuality that leads to private property and hence creating classes. Both Marx and Mill see freedom as an end in itself. According to Marx’s definition of freedom, was viewed as an end in itself. â€Å"Only in community has each individual the means of cultivating his gifts in all directions; only in the community, therefore, is personal freedom possible. In the previous substitutes for the community, in the State, etc. personal freedom has existed only for the individuals who developed within the relationships of the ruling class, and only insofar as they were individuals of this class,† Karl Marx and Frederick Engels. For Mill, freedom of speech, opinion and the right to associate with others, were important for the progress of mankind. Freedom of choice is and do what is desirable as long as no harm is done to others is an end in itself. As Mill thus say that , â€Å"†¦ though the customs be both good as customs†¦ yet to conform to custom†¦ does not†¦ develop†¦human faculties†¦exercised only in making a choice.† (Mill 60). It is evident that freedom of choice is important to the development of individuality and progress of the society as a whole. Thus, freedom is an end in itself, because utilizing human lead to make choices is beneficial for personal development. Hence, the view that sees freedom as an end in itself can be attributed to both Marx and Mill. On the other hand, there are considerable differences between Mill and Marx perspectives on views regarding freedom. For Mill, freedom is important for the purpose of searching for truth and for reasons to live and for progress ( Mill 29). Mill asserts that a man must be free to pursue his happiness and pleasure. Furthermore, Mill in â€Å"On Libertyâ€Å" asserts that individual freedom is the paramount chief for the progress of society. The opinion of the individual has to be nurtured and allowed to grow so that he can use his assets and talents to benefit the society at large ( Mill 63). Thus, Mill, can be summarised in On Liberty : The only freedom which deserves the name, is that of pursuing our own good in our own way, so long as we do not attempt to deprive others of theirs, or impede their efforts to obtain it. An individual has the capability and the power to be creative in a society that recognises that ability. As well, Mill argues for the freedom of speech for everyone and that each individual opinion should be respected regardless of its content. Mill also argues that freedom/liberty is important for the pursuit of happiness (Mill 29). However , Marx asserts that people should not be individualistic and should not pursue their own interests but should conform to the society’s norms. For example in â€Å"On The Jewish Question: Zur Judenfrage, â€Å" Marx criticizes the liberal concept of freedom and argues that it assumes that a human being is â€Å"an isolated monad† ( Max 364) who pursues his own private happiness and also tries to avoid conflict with others ( Marx 370). He argue that an individual cannot be treated separately from society. The individual is part and parcel of society and there is nowhere he/she is going to operate in isolation without affecting the society as a whole. Hence, Marx argues that the communist system would make it possible for everyone including children and women to be free as they would not be for ced to work for the anyone (Marx 72). For Marx, this is freedom. As well, Marx explains how â€Å"my free activity† transforms itself into â€Å"the alienated and inhumane power† with the fetishism of the commodity. (Marx, 554). Furthermore, Mill and Marx offer a different perspective on the intervention by state/society into freedom. Mill argues that there is no justification for interfering in other people’s opinions and thinking. Not even the government has the right to interfere in someone’s freedom. It could be argued that this is the foundation of modern individual freedom. You are free and entitled to your own opinions as long as you don’t harm another ( Mill 4). â€Å"The reason for not interfering, unless for the sake of others, with a persons voluntary acts, is consideration for his liberty. His voluntary choice is evidence that what he so chooses is desirable, or at least endurable, to him, and his good is on the whole best provided for him by allowing him to take his own means of pursuing it,† Mill (14). In contrast, Marx argues that there is a need for the state to interfere with private property so that property ownership might be abolished. The government should hav e the right and the means to control the people who have private property, thereby forming an ideal communist society. It has to be noted that Marx ‘s arguments were based on the view that capitalism was evil and hence needed to be replaced by communism. As well, Karl Marx, in On the Jewish Question says that None of the supposed rights of man go beyond the egoistic man, man as he is a member of civil society; that is, an individual separated from the community, withdrawn into himself, wholly preoccupied with his private interests and acting in accordance with his private caprice. Hence, a person has to conform to the society’s norms. Thus, Marx views counter-argue the view by Mill that the society should respect the individual freedom. On the other hand, Mill warns against the tranny of the majority because sometimes the majority’s opinion is not always right. Thus the protection of the individual is more important and have to be protected. In addition, Mill’s and Marx’ views differ on the exercise of freedom. According to Mill, freedom and liberty is having free will and self- determination without being subjected to invariable law ( Mill 32). Mill adds that innovation and creativity can be achieved in a free environment . Thus, he advocates for a free environment which allows for development and growth of new ideas. â€Å"Genius can only breathe freely in anatmosphereof freedom. Persons of genius are †¦moreindividual than any other people† ( Mill, 65). Thus, freedom of the individual will allow new ideas and result in the progress of the society as a whole. As well, he argues that the society or the state should not force people to conform to the particular norms of the society and nor intervene in the activities of the individual which contribute to the development of the community as a whole. However, Mill acknowledges that the only time when the government or the society has to interfere i s when it steps in to prevent your harming other people (Mill 68). Thus, Mill asserts that freedom should be exercised as long as there is no harm done to others. Mill, a man’s freedom has to be protected and allowed to be explored without infringing on other people’s freedom. Nevertheless, the exercising of freedom should be checked. In addition, Marx argues that the majority of the working class should fight for their freedom and overcome the tyranny of the bourgeoisie (Marx 73). This seems like the views of Mill who argues that the citizens are to have freedom and the state, which is in small minority, should not exercise tyranny over them. Mill, on the other hand, argues that the freedom to unite has to be done in such a way that there is not harm to others . Mill would see the argument of Marx advocating the overthrow and taking the property of the bourgeoisie as harm done to others. In the Manifesto, Marx calls for the freedom of the working class to unite and in the end to revolt against the production owners also known as Bourgeoisie (Marx Engels, 34). The working class will rise up for their freedom. Marx asserts that freedom can be achieved through ideology. If the working class would learn and know the ideology of the bourgeoisie, they would be able to develop a counter ideology and hence the proletari at would become self-conscious and self-aware and thus be able to manage and control the means of production (Marx 173.) Thus, Marx argues that the working class would be freed from alienated labour if they knew the ideology of the bourgeoisie. This is how the proletariat would be able to overcome the exploitation of the bourgeoisie. For Marx, the working class should be united and fight for their individual freedom . As well, according to Marx, freedom could be achieved if the working class owned the means of production. It can also be viewed that capitalist system dies freedom to the working class in the modern era. For example, even if you desire to have a certain type of work, you are not free to choose your boss. On the same point the people who controls the means of production have the freedom to choose among the abundance supply of labour. I would agree that communism in which the means of production is owned by many could have been a good society for mankind. Capitalism denies the freedom of choices to many people especially the poor. It lead to a few of individual controlling all the wealth. As well, I would argue that in the modern era, due to capitalism, most working class people do not have freedom. In the world of today, the owner of the means of production decides which work you are supposed to do but the working class person is not free to choose his work and set his own wages. This could be regarded as a lack of freedom as the working class do not have a choice but rather to work under the conditions set by the master. For Marx, the ideal society was communism that gave everyone a chance to own something and freedom to majority. As well, Marx argues that there is a need for society to interfere to help the individual realise his potential/ self-cultivation. This is so because Marx believes that the society should be classless. Marx asserts that classless society is the foundation of freedom for all because the working class will have power in the production of goods and commodities and hence hold the interest of everyone. When the bourgeois owns the means of production the majority of the people who are the working class are left out. Furthermore, Marx asserts that the impediment to freedom is the bourgeoisie. For instance, Marx argues that the bourgeoisie controls the means of production, robbing freedom from the working class by exploiting their labour. The different classes results in the working class being oppressed . The class of the bourgeoisie infringes upon the freedom of the working class in what he calls the â€Å" class struggle† to refer to a situation where one group has an advantage over the other group. This is so because the class that has an advantage will try and maintain its status quo and in so doing will establish norms that maintain that class. The working class person has no freedom in the capitalist world since he relies on the wages of his master. As well, since the laborer has no profits to be gained from the production that he doing, he is alienated him from the process of the profit making, which is a violation of his freedom. Furthermore, Marx argues that the majority of the wo rking class should fight for their freedom and overcome the tyranny of the bourgeoisie (Marx 73). This seems like the views of Mill who argues that the citizens are to have freedom and the state, which is in small minority, should not exercise tyranny over them. Nevertheless, for Mill, the impediment to freedom is the â€Å" masculine state, † (Mill, 219). For example, Mill argues that men control the affairs in public life and hence the women are forced to perform the duties of the private life. This implies that the half of mankind who are women are not free. In conclusion, this essay argues that Marx and Mill both share similar understandings of freedom such as the possibility of progress in society, the views that hold that freedom is an end in itself, and the idea that human nature for self-determination must be valued. However, both Marx and Mill pursue a different road in their conclusion of the concept of freedom. As described above, Mill’s argument argues that masculine is the impediment to freedom. This is so because most of the domestic work is done by women. Marx on the other hand views that the impediment to freedom is the bourgeoisie. Marx believes that capitalism is the problem for freedom and hence advocated for communism. As well, Mill advocated for freedom without the intervention from anyone or from the state as long as their action done does not affect others. Mill also argues against the norms of society that require the individual to conform. As well, he argues that the state should not interfere in the individu al`s affairs as this is a violation freedom. On the other hand, Marx suggests that the individual cannot be separated from the society. Thus the state can intervene in order to bring the society together and prevent other people from acquiring all the wealth. Ultimately Marx’s vision of communism is valuable because it is a vision that allows for the critique of contemporary society. As well, I would in conclusion, I would argue that capitalist system denies the majority freedom. For example, Even if you desire to have a certain type of work, you are not free to choose your boss. On the same point the people who controls the means of production have the freedom to choose among the abundance supply of labour. I would agree that communism in which the means of production is owned by many could have been a good society for mankind. Capitalism denies the freedom of choices to many people especially the poor. It lead to a few of individual controlling all the wealth. NB: The word freedom has been used interchangeably with the word Liberty. Work cited: John Stuart Mill, â€Å"On Liberty â€Å"Broadview Press. Mill, J.S. 1869 The Subjection of Women. Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx. Robert C. Tucker. Ed. â€Å"The Marx-Engels Reader.†W W Norton Co Inc (Np); 2nd Revised edition: March 17, 1978. 1

Analysis of a Passage from The Grapes of Wrath Essay -- essays researc

Depicting the Dust Bowl exodus, The Grapes of Wrath is a literary masterpiece. Development and hierarchy are portrayed. In the passage to be studied, almost at the beginning of the novel, Tom Joad, who has just been released from prison, discovered his abandoned house. Travelling with Casy, a former preacher, they met Muley Graves , one of his former neighbours who refused to leave the country, after people have been tractored off. Hardly the only one to speak, Muley explained how he then lived alone, wandering from one empty house to another. A certain evolution is present throughout the passage that can be compared to a human being?s life. First, birth can be paralleled with a kind of creation. Then, the adult is the one who makes a living, and has responsibilities towards the younger ones, as well as the older ones. And finally, a human being?s life ends with death, and this shift can last more or less. Birth is the beginning of life. It can be compared to a kind of creation. Muley refers to a birth in his discourse: Joe?s birth. Because it is a significant episode and it illustrates the beginning of a new life, one?s birth has always been a happy event: ?An? her so proud she bust three cups that night? (l35-6). Becoming a father is a meaningful step in a man?s life. Moreover, a child is the promise of something new: new hopes, a new life. But parents have to take decisions for the wellbeing of their child since they are the only means of survival, and the most important decision might be the one choice of the place where the child is to be born. As far as the land matter is concerned, nationality depends on the place where somebody was born. Therefore, it explains the strong feeling someone can have for the place wher... ...ossible advancement. A kind of hierarchy is present throughout the passage: in life, in society, and with Nature. A person is born, lives and dies. In the countryside, people live thanks to Nature and what it offers its best: a land to work. But in town, people, especially clerks and banks, have another preoccupation: benefit. The passage enhances that money is becoming more and more important, and it will take an important place in people?s life from now on. Between the three characters, a kind of hierarchy is felt too: the child, self-centred, but who wants to learn what life is, the adult, open-minded, who wants to help others, and the old one, desperate and lonely, who has no future but to think incessantly to his past life. A transcendentalist vision can be added to the passage, and then the part played by Nature opposed to the part played by human beings.

DTLLS Applying theories and principles Essay

1. Over the years extensive research has been conducted by many by Psychologists and Scientists who sought to identify the ways in which we learn. As a result several theories have become documented each with different perspectives the main ones being behaviourism, neo-behaviourism, constructivism and humanism but there are some who have a different view on these theories. Minton (2002) identified that â€Å"the history of education is littered with failed theories even those that were the result of years and years of research† (pg213). What is common among all the theories presented is that learning takes place in stages, in different pace and time and in different ways. The aim of this paper is to analyse some of the factors which can affect learning and achievement and how these theories can be applied to inclusive learning. 1.1 Analyse the factors that can affect learning and achievement. There are many factors that affect the learning and achievements of students. These factors may be considered a barrier to some individuals but the same factors can also be a source of inspiration and motivation. Motivation and inspiration may come from anyone within the environment in which they hence factors affecting learning and achievement can either be personal or external. Parents influence children’s careers choices both intentionally and unintentionally. Similarly students may be just as inspired by role models and peers outside of the home. External factors affecting learning and achievement can be look at from many different angles. If students live in an area where there is a high rate of crime or are issues of gangs and anti social behaviour then this can cause emotional and psychological disturbance and unsettlement which can affect students’ ability to focus on learning and achievement. External factors can also be extended to include poverty and deprivation as this can limit individuals to learning opportunities. Depending on the postcodes in which student lives this again can also be a significant factor as to whether the level of learning and achievement can be achieved especially in some cases where the educational establishments may not have the level of resources or facilities, or having suitably trained teachers to teach students. The family environment and background are also key factors which can affect  learning and achievement which can be seen from different angles. First of all the family structure and support of one or both parents of a student at home can be hugely influential factor. According to the Office of National Statistics publication released on October 31, 2013 there are nearly 1.9 million lone parents with dependent. The single parent charity Gingerbread, report this figure to be as high as 3 million children living in a single parent household and 43 percent of single parents are social housing tenants (gingerbread.org.uk). There can be very little doubt that there is a relationship between the household and family structure and its influence on learning and achievements for students but as previously mentioned for some this may be a barrier to some but for others it can be a source of motivation and inspiration. Research suggests â€Å"children intact families tend to have a greater academic achievement and educational attainment and are less likely to exhibit behavioural problems at school. Their parents tend to be more involved in their school activities and have higher expectation for them. It was further stated that individuals from intact families completed on average more years of schooling and were more likely to graduate from High School, attend College and complete college compared to peers raised in blended or single parent families.† (Family Facts.Org). Other factors also include those children who are under the care of the local in foster care or foster homes or those who have been taken away from their birth parents. A high percentage of these children may have suffered from abuse and neglect which can affect their social and psychological well being as well as their perception and esteem. The relevance and importance of this cannot not be over emphasised. It has been well documented that how one perceives themselves, their confidence and esteem can have a direct influence on their education success as is their abilities to effectively communicate with others. Personal factors may include a disability or learning difficulties such as dyslexia or generic inheritance. Learning difficulties could be a specific difficulty in one or more areas of development particularly if needs are not assessed and being provisions made to cater for. Students with dyslexia may exhibit some tendencies like slow reading or writing speed, tendency to misread or possessing a short concentration span and more. Student’s reaction to dyslexia may be varied as they may become frustrated and irritated by the effects however may be  minimised if the problem is identified quickly in the initial assessment stage so that it is included in the planning of lessons. It is essential for Teachers to be able to identify the signs of dyslexia as sometimes the students themselves may not always be aware of this issue. Although it may be a barrier for some many students have benefitted from some good support from both Teachers and Institutions. The effect of dyslexia causes barriers to students learning and development not just from an educational standpoint but can also affect their social well being as they may have difficulties organising work and other aspects of their lives. This may be particularly true for mature students, some of whom will have had very negative experiences of education earlier in life and may experience more negative emotions such as stress, anxiety and low self esteem. They may have difficulties in multitasking, difficulties in carting out instruction or may get lost easily, or may mix up dates for important appointments or meetings. Other personal factors also include issues pertaining to physical and psychological health. For example students who are hyperactive tend to find concentration difficult which may also be a barrier not just to their own learning and developme nt but also that of other learners. 1.2 Explain how theories and principles of learning and communication can be applied to enable inclusive learning and teaching. As teaching professionals it is critical that a flexible and open minded approach to teaching be embraced and adopted for learning to be achieved. Not only do we need to be flexible with our teaching styles but also need to apply the same principle in delivering lessons and creating a suitable environment for achievements to be obtained. This is necessary because students learn in different ways and forms. The vark learning styles theory was based on research which was undertaken by Neil Flemming in 1987 and is one of the more popular tools used to identify how students learn and are characterised as being either audio, visual or kinaesthetic learner. Auditory learners learn best by hearing information and are normally good at remembering what was said which an extremely useful component in the communication process is. Visual learners learn best through the written word and absorb information by reading information by reading books or taking notes. Some lessons may require students to work in groups where they can interact with  their peers and express themselves and some activities may also require them to work on their own. This has been theorised by Vygotsky’s zone of proximal development. The principle of this theory is based on the belief that what students learn with the help of others exceeds what they can learn on their own and highlights the parallels between these important factors of group work and its benefits in students learning from each other where the strong supports the weak. One could argue that this would create a suitable learning environment where all students develop new skills as through this inclusion and interaction of peers it was possible to educate those who are so called uneducable. Conversely there may be some who could then argue that the theory may not be as beneficial to some students and may in fact be holding back their development. In contrast the Piaget theory suggest that development comes before learning and hence since we were all born with the ability to learn, learning could be more difficult later unless if there is little or no exposure to the suitable learning environment from a young age. Piaget further suggests that learning must wait until students are ready. Vygotsky argued, â€Å"Learning is a necessary and universal aspect of the process of developing culturally organised, specifically human psychological function, In other words, social learning tends to precede development† (SS). I interpret this statement mean that Vygotsky was of the view that education is an individual process and everyone learns at their own rate, when they are ready to learn, regardless of age. 3.1 Analyse ways in which minimum core elements can be demonstrated in applying theories and principles for planning and enabling inclusive learning and teaching The minimum core elements are considered as one of the basic skills and knowledge required in being able to deliver effective lessons as a Teacher irrespective of the area of specialism. Possessing the knowledge, understanding and personal skills in English, Numeracy and ICT provides us with the platform to be able show and demonstrate theories and principles to facilitate their learning. â€Å"Improving these skills will enable you to effectively fulfil your role as a professional teacher, it’s about being able to develop these skills in your students† (Ann Gravels). For some Teachers it may be necessary to attend classes to get their core elements up to the required standard through refresher courses or some may need to sit Exams. As an Employability and Business subject tutor to adult learners I  often use several different ways to integrate the minimum core elements into lessons. As an example in delivering lessons on team stage development I put learners in groups to under pin the concept of teamwork. I also use this to reinforce their understanding of the objectives and also to differentiate learners based on their abilities. For the particular task I provide each member of the group with a hand out of the instruction and ask random individuals to read portions of the instruction and the task that is required. I also ask random individuals to count the number of full stops at various sections which provides the opportunity to practice numeracy. I may chose to set the groups an objective to build a particular structure using the resources provided in 45minutes. The objective also gives them the opportunity to count the number of resources needed to construct the tower. This activity also includes the opportunity for them to practice speaking and communicating with others and to be able to use numeracy in working out how much time is needed in each section to complete the task. 4.1 Analyse how own application of theories and principles of learning and communication impact on inclusive learning and teaching Recognising how our students learn is a vital part of a teacher’s role. Assessment therefore is an essential part of the teaching and learning process. It helps us as teacher/ trainers to plan and provide support for learners used with the individual learning plan and the lesson plans. It is integral to managers for monitoring of performance, curriculum planning and evaluation our own teaching. Most importantly, assessments help to track progression, measure achievement and provide feedback to learners. In doing so, learners can make changes to their learning and improve the quality of their work. As Wilson (2009) .p 266 states â€Å"it is the process of checking that learning has occurred. It is the way teachers know whether or not they have been effective in their sessions†. Assessments can be categorised as part of the key stages of learning, the assessments I use in my teaching includes Initial assessments which is used before the start or at the beginning of the course, and is one of the most important assessment method. Ineffective initial assessment can affect the entire learner journey if not correctly assessed. Formative assessments are classed as ongoing or continuing assessment, and used throughout the course at set intervals. These  assessments are both formal and informal and utilised to check if learning has taken place as a result of my teaching and to evidence learner progression. Summative assessment takes place at the end of a course or learning programme. It checks that learning has taken place and is a formal method of assessment. Learners are tested for evidence of skills and knowledge the end result if successful is a certificate. Assessments I use include observations, worksheets, exams, tests and directed questioning. . Self assessment is the evaluation and reflection of own performance, differentiation is evident as each assessment is individual and specific to the learner. The learner takes ownership and is responsibility for own learning. Assessments are conducted during tutorials or at the end of a topic or class session. This is done through written records, questionnaires, action plans and ILPs. Advantages of self assessment; information from is used to record details of progression and helps reflection. Learners develop the habit of recording details of their own progress. During peer assessment learners gather ideas and information from each other. It is inclusive learning; individuals work together to formulate feedback which aids reflection. 4.2 Evaluate strengths and areas for improvement in own application of theories and principles of inclusive learning and teaching Possessing over 20 years experience in commercial business before I started Teaching Business related subject as well as my abilities to engage learners in stimulating discussions has been my stronger areas as a Teacher. I am able to apply and use real life examples and or experiences and relate them to lessons and use this means as an inclusive tool for learning. I am also able to adapt my lessons and teaching styles to different levels, am a good communicator and possess good classroom management skills. I was recently observed and strengths were highlighted as very experienced and knowledgeable it was suggested that my recap and lesson summary needed to be more effective and was introduced to a technique call the flipped classroom model. The Flipped Classroom model basically involves encouraging students to prepare for the next lesson by stating what will be taught. Thus the class becomes a dynamic environment in which students elaborate on what they  have already studied. Another area where development was suggested was that there has to be more ‘Teacher intervention’, set tasks and then go round to individually student ensuring that there are achieving their personal targets and complement the learners on their progress using ‘Directed questions the develop the learning process and using a feedback sheet at the end of lessons. 4.3 Engage in professional development opportunities to improve own application of theories and principles of learning and communication to inclusive learning and teaching Bibliograpmahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13682820601053977 ,

Hiral Patel Essays - Education, Curricula, Educational Psychology

Hiral Patel Essays - Education, Curricula, Educational Psychology Hiral Patel Professor Buzzard ENG 205-I01 23 June 2016 Midterm Self Examination So far, have I given as much effort as my instructor expects? Why or why not? So far, I believe that I have given as much effort as my instructor expects. I complete my assignments in a timely manner and tend to read ahead of stories to get a head start. It is impossible to succeed in this class without regular contribution and completion of assignments. Therefore it is quite important to regularly check my MTC and be up-to-date on weekly assignment checklists. Do you give the time and attention expected for a 3-hour course in your studies so far? Why or why not? I do give the time and attention expected for a 3-hour course. Like I said above, I complete all my assignments thoroughly and on time. I have not submitted any late assignments so far and I will let it stay that way. Online courses require double the amount of time and effort than on-campus courses. Therefore I was already prepared for what may be given to me during the semester. What do I now understand best about this subject? Least well? Regular assignments and weekly discussions help to understand reading materials better. Although I am not very fond of audio lectures (visual learner), I understand that the reason behind including them in weekly checklists is so that students like me can understand materials better. Although online courses are more difficult, I think they help students think and analyze more, especially English courses. My strongest and weakest points as a student? What did I do to improve the weak points? What will I do next? I have both strong and weak points as a student. I tend to work ahead and use many online sources to help understand materials better. Therefore, I have good resources. My weakest points, as a student, is that I sometimes get frustrated due to the workload and tend to do to many things at once. That is not always good because it does not lead to satisfying assignment grades and completion of assignments. However, I will try to make schedules of weekly assignments with allotted times so that I can give myself some rest as well as put enough effort in my assignments. What text has been your favorite so far and why? My favorite has been The Canterbury Tales because I love how numerous tales make up one big story. This way, it does not seem too boring to listen and read about the same characters and the same climax. Rather, various tales gives the story more of an adventure and creativity. I have read them in high school, as well, but they never get old. Least favorite text and why? My least favorite would be Beowulf not because I dislike it but because almost all of our assignments revolve around the epic poem. Writing about the same poem over and over again makes it old and boring. But that is expected because this is an English course that involves lots of writing and analysis. What do I need to learn next about this subject? (Or what would you want to learn?) I want to learn to write better analyses of reading materials to prepare me for the long run. I find that English literature is all about different versions, critiques, and analysis, and that is what I want to be best at. What is the most satisfying about the class? Most frustrating? Your responsibility for each? The most satisfying about the class is that the teacher is willing to adjust due dates of assignments so that students can have more time to complete them. That makes the class very convenient for students. Also, all assignments and discussions are due around the end of the week. This gives students more time to read and understand the material rather than rushing into completion. The most frustrating is the amount of work because it tends to be an overload at times. Some materials are very long and in addition to reading it, we have to complete assignments and discussions. I understand that we signed up for this online course and it is our responsibility to handle the workload, and I will, but it is just

Functional Skills for Special Education Students

Functional Skills for Special Education Students Functional skills are those skills a student needs to live independently. An important goal of special education is for our students to gain as much independence and autonomy as possible, whether their disability is emotional, intellectual, physical, or a combination of two or more (multiple) disabilities. Skills are defined as functional as long as the outcome supports the students independence. For some students, those skills may be learning to feed themselves. For other students, it may be learning to use a bus and read a bus schedule. We can separate the functional skills as: Life SkillsFunctional Academic SkillsCommunity-Based Learning SkillsSocial Skills Life Skills The most basic of functional skills are those skills that we usually acquire in the first few years of life: walking, self-feeding, self-toileting, and making simple requests. Students with developmental disabilities, such as Autism Spectrum Disorders, and significant cognitive or multiple disabilities often need to have these skills taught through modeling, breaking them down, and the use of Applied Behavior Analysis. The teaching of life skills also requires that the teacher/practitioner complete appropriate task analyses in order to teach the specific skills. Functional Academic Skills Living independently requires some skills which are considered academic, even if they do not lead to higher education or the completion of a diploma. Those skills include: Math Skills  - The functional math skills include telling time, counting and using money, balancing a checkbook, measurement, and understanding volume. For higher functioning students, math skills will expand to include vocationally oriented skills, such as making change or following a schedule.Language Arts -  Reading begins as recognizing symbols, progressing to reading signs (stop, push), and moves on to reading directions. For many students with disabilities, they may need to have reading texts supported with audio recordings or adults reading. By learning to read a bus schedule, a sign in a bathroom, or directions, a student with disabilities gains independence. Community-Based Learning Skills The skills a student needs to succeed independently in the community often have to be taught in the community. These skills include using public transportation, shopping, making choices in restaurants, and crossing streets at crosswalks. Too often parents, with the desire to protect their disabled children, over-function for their children and unknowingly stand in the way of allowing their children to acquire the skills they need. Social Skills Social skills are usually modeled, but for many students with disabilities, they need to be carefully and consistently taught. In order to function in the community, students need to understand how to interact appropriately with different members of the community, not only family, peers, and teachers.

Twiggy essays

Twiggy essays At 17, Leslie Hornby took hold of the world. At 21, she let it go. She was the original waif, a 60s phenomenon-a superstar. She was Twiggy, (Cheever Page 74). Leslie Hornby was the revolutionary woman who changed the idea of beauty in the eyes of the fashion industry and the entire world. She exemplified the androgynous mod look that swept America as it had Britain and much of Europe in the 1960s. Standing at 5 feet 6 Â ½ inches and weighing in at 90 pounds, the nickname Twiggy was derived. Twiggys popularity not only influenced many people to try and imitate her look, but also drastically influenced the rise in power of models in the fashion industry. She was a role model and revolutionary for todays top models, but her popularity also brought along with it the irrational image of the ideal woman. Twiggy was a major trendsetter in America during the sixties, even though she hailed from England. While working as a shampoo girl in a salon, she was discovered by Nigel Davies, who saw her potential and immediately took her to a trendy salon in London to get a haircut. The owner put her picture in his shop window, and a short time later that picture was featured in the London Daily Express with a caption that read, This is the face of 1966 (Twiggy: Click! Click!). After discovering the fifteen year-old with the 31-22-32 figure, Davies-who preferred to be called Justin De Villeneuve-became Twiggys agent and boyfriend at age 25. He took her to Paris and a short while after her popularity grew, she was put on the cover of Elle magazine, as well as Paris Match, and the British edition of Vogue. During Twiggys peak success in Europe, De Villeneuve set up Twiggy Enterprises, Ltd., where he gathered a line of clothes, false eyelashes, cosmetics, dolls, and posters all endorsed by Twiggy (The Twig). The enterprising aspect of being a top ...

Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 18

Human Resource Management - Essay Example Eni is a company that has diversified its operations to different parts of the world. As a result, it requires employees who have the necessary skills and experience to handle clients emanating from different cultural backgrounds. Therefore, through the recruitment process, the panel is able to identify the right candidates who can work with different groups of people. Furthermore, teamwork is a critical aspect towards the overall success of the organization. As a result, the human resource department has a role of recruiting employees that can easily integrate with the rest of the subordinates. This is to ensure that there are no constant conflicts that can affect the overall performance of the business. On the other hand, the customer demands keeps on the changing. With the modern technology, they are able to get reviews from different sources concerning different products in the market. Therefore, in order for the company to keep up with these changes, it keeps on training its wor kforce in order to meet the demand in the market. This has been critical in enabling the company to meet the varying interests of its expanding market (Grieves, 2003). Besides recruiting and training, the human resource department in Eni formulates the specific objectives and the scope of the tasks that will be assigned to the employees. Based on these two factors, the contract that will govern the relationship between the employer and the employee is prepared. The working environment has become challenging with subordinates required to meet strict deadlines.

Global Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Global Marketing - Essay Example Thanks to his established brand, his company managed to establish and maintain a standard marketing mix within which he operated. It is to be noted that the lack of significant competition at the time made him survive. However, with increased competition, variations became distinct, and his approach was no longer appropriate. b. The strategy currently in use by Levi Straus is rather a complex mix, whereby managers have the authority to standardize the marketing mix in respect to their specific local markets. Elements of marketing that Levi Straus changed are decentralizing the marketing responsibility to the local managers. He also introduced new styles for satisfying a variety of style preferences for the customers (Levitt, 1983). c. His new strategy has a high potential for profitability fostering growth of the company. Although the autonomy of managers is at the expense of economies of scale for advertising for instance, consumers’ needs are addressed more efficiently. d. The story shows deep insights on the effects of globalization. The assumption that standardization will result in a perfect market mix has been proved wrong. Rather the customization of styles to suit the customers is preferred. Well, the student shows comprehension of the subject in question. However, it is clear that they miss the point when answering the question of the elements of the marketing mix as used in different nations. A straightforward answer would have been more appropriate in that case. At that, the student fails to identify the most important information as required by the question. The student attempts to hit the bottom line of the questions, but their ways of supporting their notion falls short. Despite sharing deep insights in the questions asked, the student fails to support their arguments in a convincing manner. The result is that, although showing great potential of knowledge in the questions, the student lacks the ability to

Narratives of Difference and Belonging Assignment

Narratives of Difference and Belonging - Assignment Example Interesting fact, illuminating statement, personal connection: An interesting fact mentioned in the article is that of the presence of the same set of things, starting from consumer products, to eateries, groceries, and shopping malls, which are seen everywhere in today’s globalized world. So there is a definite loss of individualism or uniqueness of a certain place, and one always ends up getting the same thing anywhere they go. This is something we are evidencing today in all parts of the world. There is always a McDonalds, a Cafà © Coffee Day or a Barista, and somehow the local flavor is slowly disappearing under the burgeoning pressure from these huge multinationals. I can personally connect to this observation, as wherever I have traveled looking for new things, I have always met these giants standing tall, dishing out the same set of standardized products. Author’s perspective/value position: The author feels that in this changed scenario of globalization and high-tech communication era, the youth needs to be first acknowledged as a source of power. Accordingly, their education should be offered in a different manner, inculcated with new values that would be more fitting in this hybridized world. To make this effective, the educators have to change their mindset or else as the author comments â€Å"We need new ways of thinking of and working with kids, otherwise we will become irrelevant as we produce education for categories of kids that no longer exist in the postmodern world† (Besley, 74). Validity/usefulness of the article for thinking about issues of cultural diversity: This article is very important in today’s context, as it speaks of the new age culture that we can see all around us.

Europen Union Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Europen Union Law - Essay Example This is subject to the principles of equivalence and effectiveness, i.e. national procedural rules must not discriminate against EC law rights and must afford full effectiveness to EC law rights. Where national rules of procedure respect these principles, EC law normally does not require any particular regime of procedural or adjectival law to exist in the member states. In particular, EC law does not normally create any remedies in its own right, leaving the law on remedies to national law. In these fields of law, the doctrine of supremacy of Community law is well established. In case of conflict between Community law and national law, the member states courts are obliged to respect the Community law which to a large extent has direct effect in the member states and also in relations between private parties. Member states courts might sometimes hesitate to set aside national law provisions regarded as important because they are contrary to Community law and they normally know their own national law better than Community law. Thus, there are problems not only of obstruction but also of ignorance. There has been and still is an ongoing struggle to secure the full application of Community law in the member states. . ... If the national court decides to make a reference to ECJ, proceedings are stayed in the national court until the ECJ gives its ruling. The Court has also assessed the legality of derogations to Community rules by reference to fundamental rights. In particular, the Court has applied article 10 of ECHR to a case in which a Member State justified a measure having equivalent effect to quantitative restrictions based on the need to secure protection of fundamental rights, such as media plurality2. The key factors that have helped in developing the Community legal system, are that the obligation in Community law to duly motivate any decision3, the principle of transparency to which Community and domestic Administrations have to comply with, individuals' right to have their legal positions fully and effectively protected4 and the principle of the liability of a Member State for breach of Community law5. The judgments of the Court, in this aspect, have played a fundamental role in trying to build an even playing field to secure a minimum standard of substantive judicial protection of Community rights. The Court has asserted a founding principle of the EC legal system that national judicial remedies must be adequate, and any impediment to Community rights being enforced effectively should be removed in the name of the supremacy of Community law6. In 1976, the Court had insisted that an essential element of the Community's constitutional order was the freedom of Member States to implement their Community obligations according to their individual traditions of public law and civil and criminal justice7. The only conditions set down by the Court of Justice were equal treatment and effectiveness. National courts and administrations were prohibited from making it more

Psychological Aspects of Cybersecurity Assignment

Psychological Aspects of Cybersecurity - Assignment Example Today, when the dependency on the use of computer systems and internet technology has increased significantly, the understanding and incorporation of cyber security proves to be highly essential (â€Å"What is Cyber Security?† 2010). The present study has considered social networking as the primary focus in regard to the psychological aspects of cyber security. Social networking in the present times is used by millions of individuals as a means of remaining connected with the outer world, with friends, near and dear ones as well as for professional purposes. However, a lot of personal information is, in turn, being shared in the process that might be used by cyber attackers to spread malevolent codes, viruses, or may even access the personal information and misuse it for their own purposes (McDowell & Morda, 2011, p.1). Thus the need for cyber security arises, and this study focuses on the vulnerabilities and threats associated with social networking and having impacts on the services and the users, thus trying to determine the possible cyber security measures and the level of customer satisfaction that may be achieved. In the recent years, the use of social networks has been found to have increased significantly. There are several online social networking websites like Facebook, Myspace, YouTube, and LinkedIn, to name a few. The relative size of the addressees in these social networks is huge, which is often not known to the users of the site. Moreover, the nature of such users is also unknown. Hence individuals tend to reveal a lot of personal information. This may actually result in a number of security related threats for the members and hence for the services as well. Thus it proved to be necessary to incorporate such cyber security as to protect personal information on social networks (Hasib, 2008). When individuals post their personal information on social networks, a permanent record of the users is created that may be used

Jazz Concert at Easter Washington University Essay

Jazz Concert at Easter Washington University - Essay Example This list ensured hthe rhythmical sound of jazz and classical music alternatively. Therefore, the group created an environment that entertained the attendants making some of them stand and dance to the low tone music. On the saxophones or woodwinds were Nick Rice, Max Thew, Jared McFalin, Koelynn Jones and Jacob Lorber. The trumpet part was played by Adam Gaulke, Jbackson Wesley, Tristan Dodson, and Connor Splichal. The trombones were played by Joe Boucher, Luke Brakhman, Luke Manasco, and Nathan Westlund. The band size was medium. One of the singers bared a heavy resemblance to some of the popular ancient jazz legends. He typically resembled Duke Ellington in the way he sang the song. He did the song in a manner that is exactly similar to the way Duke did most of his performances during his days. The dressing attire of the performers was long and white robe like clothes with bright linens at the neck of each performer (Plamondon). The attendance at the concert was beyond what I had imagined or seen in earlier concerts I attended. A large portion of the attendants were young people contrary to my expectation. I have .known young people in my country to be fanatics of popular romantic RnB and Rock music. There were also elderly people in the concert theatre. The singer who displayed a lot of emotion in the song attracted a lot attention of the attendants making them become more attentive to the words rather than the rhythm as they had been in the past hours. Analytically, the melody of the music played during the performance revealed a strange feature. At the beginning it looks more boring than the attendants expected. In fact, most of the attendants could not even shake their heads. Some said that they had wasted their money and will never attend such a concert. However, as the band played, there was a lot of improvements in melody. This attracted attention of the attendants who had earlier underrated the band making the rise to their feet. Harmony in the song involved simultaneous use of different pitches and chords making the song look non-rhythmical, in the making. The main chord used by the band was the 7th chord but it was alternated with the 9th producing irregular rhythmical pattern of the song. The tunes mainly appeared like those of blues music on hearing. This produced the syncopation of the song (Plamondon). The interference of the rhythmical patterns made the attendants get confused and watched as the performers enjoyed every bit of the song. Most of them danced as they played their instruments. This implies that they were aware of the rhythmical patterns of the song therefore were not affected by constant and songs abrupt change of rhythms as they performed. They swung their slim bodies responding to the songs while playing their instruments with passion. Some of them, especially the saxophonists bent as they played their instruments. The instrument produced a rhythm that exactly and beautifully rhymed with the tempo of the s ong. This made everybody in the hall applaud as they joined the singer. Those who knew the song enjoyed more than those who didn’t. Those who didn’t, including me, learnt from the crowd. It was like a surprise to me that I managed to cram and understand the song lyrics after the concert. The overall outlook

Europen Union Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Europen Union Law - Essay Example This is subject to the principles of equivalence and effectiveness, i.e. national procedural rules must not discriminate against EC law rights and must afford full effectiveness to EC law rights. Where national rules of procedure respect these principles, EC law normally does not require any particular regime of procedural or adjectival law to exist in the member states. In particular, EC law does not normally create any remedies in its own right, leaving the law on remedies to national law. In these fields of law, the doctrine of supremacy of Community law is well established. In case of conflict between Community law and national law, the member states courts are obliged to respect the Community law which to a large extent has direct effect in the member states and also in relations between private parties. Member states courts might sometimes hesitate to set aside national law provisions regarded as important because they are contrary to Community law and they normally know their own national law better than Community law. Thus, there are problems not only of obstruction but also of ignorance. There has been and still is an ongoing struggle to secure the full application of Community law in the member states. . ... If the national court decides to make a reference to ECJ, proceedings are stayed in the national court until the ECJ gives its ruling. The Court has also assessed the legality of derogations to Community rules by reference to fundamental rights. In particular, the Court has applied article 10 of ECHR to a case in which a Member State justified a measure having equivalent effect to quantitative restrictions based on the need to secure protection of fundamental rights, such as media plurality2. The key factors that have helped in developing the Community legal system, are that the obligation in Community law to duly motivate any decision3, the principle of transparency to which Community and domestic Administrations have to comply with, individuals' right to have their legal positions fully and effectively protected4 and the principle of the liability of a Member State for breach of Community law5. The judgments of the Court, in this aspect, have played a fundamental role in trying to build an even playing field to secure a minimum standard of substantive judicial protection of Community rights. The Court has asserted a founding principle of the EC legal system that national judicial remedies must be adequate, and any impediment to Community rights being enforced effectively should be removed in the name of the supremacy of Community law6. In 1976, the Court had insisted that an essential element of the Community's constitutional order was the freedom of Member States to implement their Community obligations according to their individual traditions of public law and civil and criminal justice7. The only conditions set down by the Court of Justice were equal treatment and effectiveness. National courts and administrations were prohibited from making it more

Jazz Concert at Easter Washington University Essay

Jazz Concert at Easter Washington University - Essay Example This list ensured hthe rhythmical sound of jazz and classical music alternatively. Therefore, the group created an environment that entertained the attendants making some of them stand and dance to the low tone music. On the saxophones or woodwinds were Nick Rice, Max Thew, Jared McFalin, Koelynn Jones and Jacob Lorber. The trumpet part was played by Adam Gaulke, Jbackson Wesley, Tristan Dodson, and Connor Splichal. The trombones were played by Joe Boucher, Luke Brakhman, Luke Manasco, and Nathan Westlund. The band size was medium. One of the singers bared a heavy resemblance to some of the popular ancient jazz legends. He typically resembled Duke Ellington in the way he sang the song. He did the song in a manner that is exactly similar to the way Duke did most of his performances during his days. The dressing attire of the performers was long and white robe like clothes with bright linens at the neck of each performer (Plamondon). The attendance at the concert was beyond what I had imagined or seen in earlier concerts I attended. A large portion of the attendants were young people contrary to my expectation. I have .known young people in my country to be fanatics of popular romantic RnB and Rock music. There were also elderly people in the concert theatre. The singer who displayed a lot of emotion in the song attracted a lot attention of the attendants making them become more attentive to the words rather than the rhythm as they had been in the past hours. Analytically, the melody of the music played during the performance revealed a strange feature. At the beginning it looks more boring than the attendants expected. In fact, most of the attendants could not even shake their heads. Some said that they had wasted their money and will never attend such a concert. However, as the band played, there was a lot of improvements in melody. This attracted attention of the attendants who had earlier underrated the band making the rise to their feet. Harmony in the song involved simultaneous use of different pitches and chords making the song look non-rhythmical, in the making. The main chord used by the band was the 7th chord but it was alternated with the 9th producing irregular rhythmical pattern of the song. The tunes mainly appeared like those of blues music on hearing. This produced the syncopation of the song (Plamondon). The interference of the rhythmical patterns made the attendants get confused and watched as the performers enjoyed every bit of the song. Most of them danced as they played their instruments. This implies that they were aware of the rhythmical patterns of the song therefore were not affected by constant and songs abrupt change of rhythms as they performed. They swung their slim bodies responding to the songs while playing their instruments with passion. Some of them, especially the saxophonists bent as they played their instruments. The instrument produced a rhythm that exactly and beautifully rhymed with the tempo of the s ong. This made everybody in the hall applaud as they joined the singer. Those who knew the song enjoyed more than those who didn’t. Those who didn’t, including me, learnt from the crowd. It was like a surprise to me that I managed to cram and understand the song lyrics after the concert. The overall outlook

Reliable Sources Worksheet Essay Example for Free

Reliable Sources Worksheet Essay Source 1 †¢Author: Wilson, Wendy Bedwell †¢Date: March 2012 †¢Title: From Trash to Treasure †¢Publication: Dog World. 97 Issue 3, p20-21, 2p Write a 100- to 150-word response to each of the following questions: †¢Is the source reliable? How do you know? This source is very reliable; this magazine has been around for almost 100 yrs. Dog World is a monthly magazine aimed at the community of serious dog enthusiasts and participants, including breeders; conformation exhibitors; obedience, agility, herding and field trial competitors; veterinarians; groomers; and trainers. †¢Is the information relevant to the topic? Yes this story is about a dog rescuer from NJ who picks up dogs from high kill shelters down in West Virginia and brings them back up to be placed in foster homes. On her trip back up she witnessed someone tossing a dog out on the side of the road and leaving it there. Out of curiosity she pulled over where the dog was dropped off to investigate and found a malnourished and injured dog. After 20 minutes they were able to capture the dog and bring it to NJ where its was seen by veterinarians who were able to nurse the dog back to health. †¢Does the information reflect a bias on the author’s part? If so, what is the bias? I did not read any bias material within the article, there was no mention of any retribution toward the original owners. This article basically told a story about how a dog’s life was turned around after a person who carries about dogs rescued this dog and now uses it to help rehabilitate other dogs that have been abused. Source 2 †¢Author: Redwine, Arlo †¢Date: April 2012 †¢Title: Going the Distance †¢Publication: Dealernews, Vol. 48 Issue 4, p18-28, 7p Write a 100- to 150-word response to each of the following questions: †¢Is the source reliable? How do you know? Dealer News is a trade publication that has been around for 17 years. This publication provides news and information for dealers, manufacturers and distributors in the motorcycle and accessory industries. I do not know how reliable this source is due to this is a trade publication and can post bias reviews. †¢Is the information relevant to the topic? â€Å"Going the distance† is relevant to the topic because the author talks about how a young â€Å"go getter† started a motorcycle dealership in the late 70’s. The story tells how this young man grew his business from the ground up to one of the largest Harley Davidson dealerships in the Junction City, Kansas area. †¢Does the information reflect a bias on the author’s part? If so, what is the bias? Yes the information is bias on the author’s part due to the fact that he is telling a story from the eyes of the owner of this dealership. The author does not tell the readers the challenges that took place from competitors or the manufactures that he represented in his store.

Business Analysis and Strategies of Dell

Business Analysis and Strategies of Dell Introduction The significance of information technology has in recent times arriving a great deal of growing concentration crossways the industry worldwide. Strategies for continuous development means that in many areas in the industry has been expanding with major companies, such as Michael Dell, Microsoft and HP and Acer, to become the main support for the IT industry, The relationship between business and IS strategy of critical importance, gives a sense of direction, and provide support to the organization by as long as options that be able to followed. The close relationship between business strategy and IS important because the ability IS to help achieve the objectives of the company by helping to reduce the problems that might be encountered in executing its plans, which means that the company is able to develop the right plans in the process in a timely manner. This report will be the focus of the leading information technology company Michael Dell (DELL). The company Michael Dell, commonly known as the Dell, and started work 25 years ago at the University of Texas at Austin, United States. It now has a presence in all parts of the world and is one of the leading companies in the world dealing through information technology. DELL adapt its work to a new area in IS / IT infrastructure and developed a solid reputation and strong identity. At the outset of this report will give an analysis of the companys activities and business strategies to help to assess the results of its operations through the use of internal analysis (SWOT), assessment of the value-added chain and other factors critical to success. This will enable recommendations to be made in order to support and improve Dells business success. DELL Information It is useful to give information on the background of Dell, its vision and mission, as well as the organizations structure and culture in order to give a comprehensive Image of the company and that is the way of progress. Company background: Dell was founded in 1984 by Michael dell who studied at the university of Texas at Austen, Michael dell founded the company in the name PC limited with a capital $1000, the first companys selling computers compatible with IBM . Michael dell started to belief that trade regulations when selling personal computers directly to users, the company will achieve greater understanding of the requirements of customers and provide them with more efficient computer products to meet those requirements. during this time Michael dell to leave the study in university to his new job, especially after winning the expansion of capital value of $300.000 from his family (DELL 2009). In 1985 the company produced the first computers of its own design, dubbed Turbo PC, which sold at $ 795 million. The design contains a processor compatible with Intel 8088 running at 8 MHzs The company has to announce this product in the national computer magazines for sale directly to customers, The compilation of each computer specifically by the customer options, Giving buyers prices lower than those of commercial companies, but with greater efficiency of an assembly of those components themselves. Although Of the fact that a company à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“PCs limitedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? is not the first company to adopt the method of this work, but it has become one of the first companies that have succeeded in this manner. Dell Company collected more than U.S. $ 73 million total dividend during its first year. Dell revenue totalled $61.133 billion for the fiscal year ended February 2008, having previously been $7.420 billion during the fiscal year ended February 2007, an rise of 6.5% on 2007 during the fiscal year 2008 the company had profit $3.440 million, an rise 12.1% on 2007, with the net profit of $2.947 million in 2008, an rise of 14.1% on 2007. Michael dell company (DELL) provides technologies and services, aboard range offering of product, including desktop PC, storage, networking products and servers, mobility products, software and peripherals .the Company mainly based in the USA and about 2008 it was employing 82.700 people (DELL 2009). DELL vision statement Dell vision is quite focused about what customer needs to be somewhat homogenous throughout the world. Have been used management to translate the vision into a successful enterprise innovative and sustainable. Dell provides quality products and latest technology to cater the needs of the customers and suppliers and to build best relationship with them (DELL 2009). DELL mission statement Mission of Dell known as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“THE SOUL OF DELLà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? for the good value and obligation as well as, Direct Relationships, Customers improve loyal by great value, The Dell Team with teamwork and the opportunity anyone need to learn and develop and the Global Citizenship sharing responsibly into global marketplace. Dells mission is to meet the expectations of its customers and how to dealing business with them by phone and internet one on one for: The highest class of quality. A pioneer in the field of technology. Competitive pricing. Accountability of individuals and companies. The best in level service and supporting. The ability of flexible customization (DELL 2009). DELL organisational structure The structure of Dells organization on the basis of on the number of divisions, from the factory to High Command is very slight hierarchy to slow down a decision making process. The important points arise from organization Structure of the organization be relatively permanent and is designed to facilitate the achievement of something, This means that sometimes changes, what can be achieved change, or changes in the structure has come for senior management to change its views on the mainly agreeable structure to achieve specific results. The formal structure of the organization, which select to organization, and senior management, by inference, and this is to consider the question of choice. Structure of the division organization of component part to determine what these roles will play in achieving the goals and specific results for the whole organization. The structure of organization also provides for monitor and coordination of all parts to realization these goals (Derek Rollinson 2002). Employees are encouraged to pursue the most successful ways to complete their jobs and are permitted to implement these new efficiencies without prior approval by upper management. This open-communication has made junior employees realize their ideas are welcome and respected. Once proven to be successful, it is not unusual for these notions to be implemented in all part of organization. According a business Magazine published online in 2001 Michael Dell has been awarded CEO (Chiefexecutive 2009). Dells organizational structure is an essential part of the companys success. Small hierarchy exists inside the company. From the industrial unit to the management office, communication is emphasized and all staff is empowered to make decisions to get better job and big business performance. Top management support is not required for the completion of new ideas. Dells business flat structure is probable to enable the company to stay at the top of industry. Worker empowerment facilitates development innovation one of the most important spirited characteristics of growing industries. Likewise, Dells fast, reliable and receptive business replica enables it to execute its direct sales model more effectively than any other company in the industry. As well as Dell expands interested in rising markets, however, the corporation will have to adapt its organizational structure to increasing global environments. Dell will need to keep focus on its place in the manufacturing goods differentiator, bringing superior value to clients. DELL organisational culture organizational culture espoused by individuals in organizations have a strong influence and direct their behaviours and performance of their activities and their supervisors and their subordinates, colleagues and dealers with them, and reflect these values and beliefs, the degree of coherence and integration among the members of the organization as an internal control system when the bells ring out behaviours limits drawn to the human eye, therefore, these values reflect the organizations ability to create core values can move around all the efforts at all levels of the organization. Component values between several different of culture definition , which represents a common denominator and that these values refer to the attitudes, beliefs and ideas in a particular organization and reach these values to the individuals are obliged by social relations and continuous interaction among them, management will contribute greatly to instil the values espoused by the members when the organization adopts certain values such as to obey the laws and regulations and attention customers and improve efficiency, the organization expects of its members to adopt these values and reflect on their behaviour. Values and organizational culture play an important role in maintaining the identity of the organization and support its presence and influence in the activities of their employees, so managers are keen to develop and adopt organizational values to achieve the objectives of the organizations. However Cultural change is neither easy nor assured .It can take a long time and it takes effort and vigilance. (Philip E. Atkinson 1997) Dell maintained its culture through honesty and open communication. Tell Dell surveys into encourage rank and file employees anonymous evaluation of managers and senior leaders. The company believes that this kind of honesty help to bring change and accountability. Previous assessments have brought improvements in work-life balance, and common goals, classifications and job satisfaction. Dell, the winner of culture and diversity initiatives to create a comprehensive environment for companies on the basis of merit and personal competence and the achievement of equal access to all available opportunities, leading to employee satisfaction with the choice of employees to stay with Dell because of the significant benefits offered by the company, and the company aims to enable workers to maximize its contribution to the company while also maintaining effectiveness between their work and personal lives, as well as sponsors in the community of networks formed by groups of staff that help promote a more inclusive work environment, and improve communication between employees and enhance understanding by all staff about the value of diversity. Dale is described as a culture of meritocracy, which rewards those employees who are working hard to achieve organizational goals. Dell is also promoting a culture of learning within the organization, where each employee is expected to be committed to the promotion of consciousness of the company and work to achieve those objectives, and be on the other hand, Dell is committed to staff development, and help employees achieve personal and professional through the professional management (DELL 2009). Focus on internal efforts in Dell on cultivating and promoting best practices among those working in the areas of policy development, training and employment, direction and development and advancement and culture change, Dell strives to develop and participate fully, and retain talent on a high performance and flexibility in the invitation, in the workplace to enable staff and managers to hold discussions on the needs of every business and every employee in the individual work / life effectiveness of objectives, and then to build an implementation plan for each priority. Council and management of Dell are expected to bring integrity to the management and operation of the company and each and every one of the managers and senior management should be an example where trust, integrity, respect and responsibility of Management. Business and IS/IT strategies IS strategy is the long-term orientation, business-led and demand orientated .At the same time, IS strategy concerned either to support current strategy of business or develop a new strategy for IT choices, the responsibility of IS strategy fall within the range of senior management. IT strategy is described as the basis of the activity. Supply which focuses on technology and demand. It is also for the delivery of IT a practical solution to business problems. IT strategy is not only for the vision that senior managers adopt on IS planning long-term, but instead from the practical application of IT for business. The effective information management strategic can make in enable the institutions to work more competitive and flexible in the global environment and current developments in IS/IT impacting organizations to change the basics elements for prosperity strategic change management. On the other hand the introduction of IS / IT of manufacturing into the business sector, has led to significant improvement, for example in the automotive industry, where most of its processes controlled by the machines, and have the IT / IS computer operating system. IS/IT plays an important and very useful element in the growth of products at various stages, during all the product stages, with manufacturing industries by using computer-aided design to develop the design of product. (Currie.W 1995) You can also use the IT/IS to support the activities of value chain in order to gain a competitive benefit. Making it easier for suppliers to be close the system, improve services, cost savings and accelerate the delivery time while Value added by IT/IS for value chain makes the operations activities faster a result a rapid response to customer requirements and demands. It can also using the added value for the improvement and achieved about the sales activity to provide the competitiveness of the company with its competitors. Dells devised operating framework to guide them the strategic decisions making and manage, dependent for the elements below targeted growth, operational efficiency and capital strategy. Targeted Growth: The company has concentrated on the analysis of the growth opportunities in the future, to consider the customer segments, geography and business groups, but in order to obtain these opportunities, they continue to produce developments to become to the market effectively. Dell believes that if it builds an excellent technology with direct sell, then clients will want to buy this technology, except it must be effective in selling their technologies as it is an image in the first place. So far, it had conducted a long-term analysis of its sales strength; Making sure that they have a sufficient number of appropriate skills and experience with account managers, and the correct management of the accounts in the correct places, and in its target with the opportunities available for development. In this method, this aims to get better results of sales, while declining costs in the sale off. In order to make the service provided to their clients and clear and accountable, Dell has made several new programs; therefore the development of new incentive schemes in the process to achieve greater growth and profits for both Dell and its partners. The company will be the potential for growth can be achieved only by gaining customer loyalty and customer respect the outcome of positive experiences. There must be better coordination of sales and marketing with targeted investment if the company is to increase growth and achieve an improved return on investment in those regions where it is seeking to create more demand, it also a need to interact with customers in those regions where the clients spend a lot of time on the website. Operational Efficiency: Side by side with their search of growth, the company has purposed to get better efficiency and raise the speed and effectiveness in the field of marketing. To this conclusion the structure of companys dell rationalized and managerial matrices have been decreased and nearly three layers of top management have been disconnected, therefore the integration of its global processes with business groups to achieve greater accountability, competence and speed. The completion of the restructuring of large and led to a reduction in costs and benefits in terms of the full cost of this will be seen through the fiscal year. Capital Strategy: The company dell has made significant growth in reducing the total costs that are given the opportunity to invest further capital in the growth and even add to market share. Dell has required to achieve four key benefits of its business, firstly to lower costs, plus increase its capacity at the same time, to manage their business and meet the needs of its customers extra efficiently through access to improved information, it will also seek to improve control over the infrastructure for decrease business risk finally, In order to achieve all of this using Dell technology. Dell will be a wide publicity advertisement to its customers all over the world this way with its own IT. Dell is composed of people who have committed to work well in every day and, therefore, in order to achieve progress, the company invests heavily in developing the skills of its staff. To enable staff to develop performance and competencies with the development of their innovation by giving them this authority, the company also provides comprehensive programs to give opportunities to employees to improve and develop their performance, and in this line ensures the company to increase its competitive advantage, the companys success derives from the success of its managers and employees. The Strategic IS/IT of DELL There are a number of processes are available, each one provides a different framework to a development IT/IS strategic plan. Various analyse such as Porter five forces, the internal analysis (SWOT) and the value chain required to achieve this goal. Plus a number of tools obtainable through the organizations where they can find help to identify ways in which a company can obtain a strategic advantage, while improving the strategy IS/IT. Tools that are explained in the following part has proved to themselves to demonstrate the importance of the role that can be played by information technology in order to obtain certain goals, and business to find areas where IT applications can benefit from them. Conducting Internal Analysis Could be considered internal factors in the IS unit and of the element played by the users managers of IT in the whole process to be implemented, as well as an analysis of Foreign Affairs. And can be used the following tools for this process. SWOT Analysis This is the way that can be used to appraise the strengths and weaknesses, plus opportunities and threats that the organization may contain to agreement with it. Opportunities can be distinct as the range to create new sources or systems that will feature the companys long-term, while the threats can be considered as areas of performance to the changes to be carried out or counter where there is need for introduced (Robson 1997). DELL SWOT analysis Strengths Strong market position Despite the drop in market share to Hewlett-Packard recently, and Dell is still a strong player in the PC hardware segment. In the computer component and equipment manufacturing in the United States, Dell Company was in second ranked with a market share at 18% in 2007 after HP Company 20%. Dell was followed by rivals while the competitors for dell such as IBM, for 11.1% a market share, and Sun Microsystems company on 5% at a market share (Datamonitor 2008). In the computer hardware, software and equipment wholesalers industry in the US, Dell was in first position at 6.5% market share in 2007, followed for Ingram Micro 3.7% and IBM 2.8%. According to the annual ranking Inter brands by 2007, Dell brand was in 31st position among the top 100 brands in 2007 at the world; its brand was valued at $11,554 million (Datamonitor 2008). Dell is also one of the worlds leading companies in the servers segment. The company Dell is a strong market place because its partnership with EMC in the storage sector, Based in the United States information technology infrastructure and solutions company. Dell company is strong market place in the computer component sector will has a strong brand image (DELL Annual Report, 2008). Strong performance in Asia Pacific The Companys over the last three years in Asia Pacific, revenue growth in all product categories through fiscal 2006 and 2007 with strong performance. The revenue at this part rose from $5,465 million to $7,358 million between fiscal 2005 until 2007, a raise at 34.6% and CAGR at 16%. During fiscal 2007 the part in China was led by 26% revenue growth and in Japan by 13% during fiscal 2006. Higher rate revenue growth at the overall region by Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea and India In fiscal 2007. Dell Established in Bangalore, India to development centre and new global research in May 2007 to software products, data-storage systems and develop the new generation by network servers. Plus Dell Company focused in China market because Dells is the third biggest competitor after Lenovo. Furthermore, dell established a design centre in Shanghai, china which played this segment primary key in the start on a low cost price PC Also launched a corporate blog to connect with customers, powerful performance in quick growing markets will be help the dell company to increase revenue growth (Datamonitor 2008). Wide product portfolio The company has a wide range of product, including notebooks, desktops, servers, networking, printers, storage products, ink and toner, accessories, software and televisions. Dell has to perform partnerships with EMC to Promotion Vulnerable areas in storage market. It has powerful manufacturing abilities in the many regions. A wide portfolio by products has aided the dell company to provide offerings to customers, which adds constancy to its revenues. the US Army on March 2007,chose Dell company provide hardware ,servers, networking and storage in addition integration services and installation for its enterprise solutions ,hardware and information technology . Dell is one of six honourees of the Prime Minister for the contract, which is a three-year accord with two one-year extensions and buy a ceiling value of $ 5 billion. Also Dell was selected under the Armys desktop mobile computing contract to provide printers, displays, desktop, peripherals and laptops for three years (Datamonitor 2008). Weaknesses Weak internal controls In August 2005 The United State started an investigation into financial reporting and accounting matters with Dell by Securities Exchange Commission (SEC). As well as in August 2006, begin an investigation in the financial reporting and accounting issues in the company directed its Auditing accounting Committee. In addition, the Attorney in United States for the Southern District on New York to subpoenaed all documentation relating for the dell companys financial reports from 2002 until the present time. Afterward, Released the company announcement of the existence of accounting errors, find evidence of misconduct and deficiency in the fiscal control environment and through Audit Committees investigation. The company is currently evaluating whether these problems require any restatements the previous financial period. As a result, in October 2007, Dell presented its past via periodically reports by Securities Exchange Commission (SEC). Those reports include financial information for fiscal from 2003 until the first quarter of 2007. Accounting mistakes, proof of misconduct, and to fail control in the financial environment, reflecting to weaken internal controls and the reduction of investor confidence in the companys management (Datamonitor 2008). Product recalls According to dell company data it is possible for these batteries to overheat, which could pose a risk of fire. The company was forced to withdraw several products due to quality issues in the recent period. The company announced on August 2006 to withdraw 4.1 million for laptop batteries because to fire risk. These batteries made Dell-branded based with Sony cells. the company offered in December 2005 substitution batteries by some models such as Dell Precision, Dell Latitude and notebook computers by Dell Inspiron because quality issues. In addition, 2004 the company recalled several further products in previous years because problems in the quality, containing printers, AC adapters and Auto-Air power adapters also batteries between 2000 and 2001. In the past few years several product which reflects weak quality function on company Dell (Datamonitor 2008). Testing and Quality operations processes are too applied tospare parts, componentsand subassemblies obtainedby third party suppliers. Dell recently forced to withdraw products because of quality issues, and this means that Dell may not be fully capable of achieving success in achievingat own ambition quality. Product recalls weaken the confidence of customers for products, and increase the advantage of competitors to Dell. Opportunities Acquisitions In 2007, Dell companies have gained many new companies, projects and alsolong-term plans to further acquisitions in the future. Dell made a deal for the private sector Silverback Technologies in July 2007, to provide services through the provision of a platform for the management of infrastructure forIT and remote monitoring devices such as notebook computers, desktop servers, networks and storage. The following month, made ZING systems an agreement with Dell.This agreement allows Dell to use the capacities ZING continue to improve entertainment experience that offers its customers (Datamonitor 2008). performance and optimal solutions in default ISCSI Storage Area Network (SAN), and this would strengthen the Dell product and channel leadership in simplifying andIT solutions for clients at the global level, ISCSI SAN knowledge and technology the fastest growing part of the business volume. As well as at the same time, Dell completed a deal with the Express Company for the services of licensing, as soon as possible, software and software solutions and asset management. In December 2007, Dell has signed an agreement to acquire the privately held with Everdream, a large provider in the field of software-as-a Service (SaaS) that is solutions and managed services from a distance and acquisitions Everdream are a key element in the strategy of Dell simplifies IT (Datamonitor 2008). Expanding PC market In 2006, total revenues to 163.8 billion U.S. dollars in world markets through the computer, and compound annual growth rate (CAGR), representing some 7.3% in the period 2002-2006. In comparison, the market grew at an annual growth rate to reach 9% and 5.1% in Europe, Asia and the Pacific, reaching the value of each to $ 62 billion and $ 41.1 billion between 2002 and 2006 and also, increase the size of a CAGR of 10.8% in the period from 2002 to 2006 the consumption of the market, in 2006, achieving a total of 184 million units. It is expected to grow to market size of 260.8 million units in the year-end 2011 and annual growth rate of 7.2% in the period between 2006till 2011 (Datamonitor 2008). In 2006, the total revenues of 123.1 billion dollars, equivalent to 66.9% of its value in the public markets for sales of the desktop, although the sales of laptop computers of the total income of $ 60.9 billion, representing a 33.1% of market revenue share. At the same time, it is expected to increase market performance in Europe and Asia-Pacific markets with compound annual growth rates would go up by 6.1% and 5.4% respectively, during the same period, up to the values for each of the 83.5 billion also $ 53.5 billion in 2011. It is expanding the market for the computer by allowing the company to enhance the overall revenue base (Datamonitor 2008). New retail agreements Dell company entries of new agreements for retail customers to enable greater access obtain Dell products. In September 2007, Dell is entering into partnership with GOME, the largest distributor of consumer electronics in China, which allows Dell to sell products to many buyers in the computer store. Also in September 2007, Dell opened its first store in Russia retail sale. In October 2007, Dell signed a deal with Staples, which means giving consumers options for the purchase of a wide range of Dell desktops, laptops, printers, ink, toner and observers in 1,400 Staples stores. The company has signed an agreement in November 2007, with a group Carrefour, and became the first trader to sell a comprehensive desktop computers and mobile in Europe. This agreement allows consumers to purchase Dell products in 365 Carrefour Group. In January 2008, the company achieved in the retail trade agreements with theDSG as well as dell made agreement with Tesco, the retailer with international operations in Asia and Europe (Datamonitor 2008). Threats Counterfeit goods Serious threats to the Dell in the market segments of contraband goods, and the black market in 2006, a significant increase in counterfeit products on the black market and smuggling of goods made in China and Hong Kong, where the total value of goods via mainland China and Hong Kong, a significant increase 96.3% to $ 125.6 million in the mainland, and 61.9% to reach 9.4 million in Hong Kong, although the products on the black market of lower quality in most cases is much cheaper and which affect the income of the companys long-term (Datamonitor 2008). The WEEE and ROHS directive At the beginning of August 2005, the EU market to be fiscally responsible for the implementation of its obligations under the WEEE legislation. Which makes producers of electrical goods, including computers, printers, and financially responsible for the disposal and treatment, and the collection and recycling of electrical product in the past and the future. In December 2006, the Parliament of the United Kingdom to introduce a bill to implement the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive, however, the United Kingdom in January 2007, entered into force. In addition China in February 2006, issued a regulation to combat pollution (Datamonitor 2008). And Dell and non-compliance with new environmental legislation can lead to great responsibility and fines. In July 2006, and the reduction of hazardous substances (ROHS) Directive in an effective manner in order to impose restrictions on the use of Dell six hazardous materials, this material is used to produce various kinds of electrical and electronic equipment, which means that the complexity of purchasing and product design(Datamonitor 2008). Economic deceleration in the Euro zone and United States According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in the economic field in the euro area and the United States and are the most important market for Dell. Is expected to slow in 2008 due to the recent turmoil in financial markets, in 2008, is expected to International Monetary Fund (IMF) of the United States economic growth to reduce from 0.9% to 1.9% for the slow growth in the euro zone to 2.1%, as well as reduced growth in the United Kingdom, between 3.1% in 2007 to 2.3% in 2008 (Datamonitor 2008). Economic slowdown in the euro area and the United States could lead to a reduction in spending on information te Business Analysis and Strategies of Dell Business Analysis and Strategies of Dell Introduction The significance of information technology has in recent times arriving a great deal of growing concentration crossways the industry worldwide. Strategies for continuous development means that in many areas in the industry has been expanding with major companies, such as Michael Dell, Microsoft and HP and Acer, to become the main support for the IT industry, The relationship between business and IS strategy of critical importance, gives a sense of direction, and provide support to the organization by as long as options that be able to followed. The close relationship between business strategy and IS important because the ability IS to help achieve the objectives of the company by helping to reduce the problems that might be encountered in executing its plans, which means that the company is able to develop the right plans in the process in a timely manner. This report will be the focus of the leading information technology company Michael Dell (DELL). The company Michael Dell, commonly known as the Dell, and started work 25 years ago at the University of Texas at Austin, United States. It now has a presence in all parts of the world and is one of the leading companies in the world dealing through information technology. DELL adapt its work to a new area in IS / IT infrastructure and developed a solid reputation and strong identity. At the outset of this report will give an analysis of the companys activities and business strategies to help to assess the results of its operations through the use of internal analysis (SWOT), assessment of the value-added chain and other factors critical to success. This will enable recommendations to be made in order to support and improve Dells business success. DELL Information It is useful to give information on the background of Dell, its vision and mission, as well as the organizations structure and culture in order to give a comprehensive Image of the company and that is the way of progress. Company background: Dell was founded in 1984 by Michael dell who studied at the university of Texas at Austen, Michael dell founded the company in the name PC limited with a capital $1000, the first companys selling computers compatible with IBM . Michael dell started to belief that trade regulations when selling personal computers directly to users, the company will achieve greater understanding of the requirements of customers and provide them with more efficient computer products to meet those requirements. during this time Michael dell to leave the study in university to his new job, especially after winning the expansion of capital value of $300.000 from his family (DELL 2009). In 1985 the company produced the first computers of its own design, dubbed Turbo PC, which sold at $ 795 million. The design contains a processor compatible with Intel 8088 running at 8 MHzs The company has to announce this product in the national computer magazines for sale directly to customers, The compilation of each computer specifically by the customer options, Giving buyers prices lower than those of commercial companies, but with greater efficiency of an assembly of those components themselves. Although Of the fact that a company à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“PCs limitedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? is not the first company to adopt the method of this work, but it has become one of the first companies that have succeeded in this manner. Dell Company collected more than U.S. $ 73 million total dividend during its first year. Dell revenue totalled $61.133 billion for the fiscal year ended February 2008, having previously been $7.420 billion during the fiscal year ended February 2007, an rise of 6.5% on 2007 during the fiscal year 2008 the company had profit $3.440 million, an rise 12.1% on 2007, with the net profit of $2.947 million in 2008, an rise of 14.1% on 2007. Michael dell company (DELL) provides technologies and services, aboard range offering of product, including desktop PC, storage, networking products and servers, mobility products, software and peripherals .the Company mainly based in the USA and about 2008 it was employing 82.700 people (DELL 2009). DELL vision statement Dell vision is quite focused about what customer needs to be somewhat homogenous throughout the world. Have been used management to translate the vision into a successful enterprise innovative and sustainable. Dell provides quality products and latest technology to cater the needs of the customers and suppliers and to build best relationship with them (DELL 2009). DELL mission statement Mission of Dell known as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“THE SOUL OF DELLà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? for the good value and obligation as well as, Direct Relationships, Customers improve loyal by great value, The Dell Team with teamwork and the opportunity anyone need to learn and develop and the Global Citizenship sharing responsibly into global marketplace. Dells mission is to meet the expectations of its customers and how to dealing business with them by phone and internet one on one for: The highest class of quality. A pioneer in the field of technology. Competitive pricing. Accountability of individuals and companies. The best in level service and supporting. The ability of flexible customization (DELL 2009). DELL organisational structure The structure of Dells organization on the basis of on the number of divisions, from the factory to High Command is very slight hierarchy to slow down a decision making process. The important points arise from organization Structure of the organization be relatively permanent and is designed to facilitate the achievement of something, This means that sometimes changes, what can be achieved change, or changes in the structure has come for senior management to change its views on the mainly agreeable structure to achieve specific results. The formal structure of the organization, which select to organization, and senior management, by inference, and this is to consider the question of choice. Structure of the division organization of component part to determine what these roles will play in achieving the goals and specific results for the whole organization. The structure of organization also provides for monitor and coordination of all parts to realization these goals (Derek Rollinson 2002). Employees are encouraged to pursue the most successful ways to complete their jobs and are permitted to implement these new efficiencies without prior approval by upper management. This open-communication has made junior employees realize their ideas are welcome and respected. Once proven to be successful, it is not unusual for these notions to be implemented in all part of organization. According a business Magazine published online in 2001 Michael Dell has been awarded CEO (Chiefexecutive 2009). Dells organizational structure is an essential part of the companys success. Small hierarchy exists inside the company. From the industrial unit to the management office, communication is emphasized and all staff is empowered to make decisions to get better job and big business performance. Top management support is not required for the completion of new ideas. Dells business flat structure is probable to enable the company to stay at the top of industry. Worker empowerment facilitates development innovation one of the most important spirited characteristics of growing industries. Likewise, Dells fast, reliable and receptive business replica enables it to execute its direct sales model more effectively than any other company in the industry. As well as Dell expands interested in rising markets, however, the corporation will have to adapt its organizational structure to increasing global environments. Dell will need to keep focus on its place in the manufacturing goods differentiator, bringing superior value to clients. DELL organisational culture organizational culture espoused by individuals in organizations have a strong influence and direct their behaviours and performance of their activities and their supervisors and their subordinates, colleagues and dealers with them, and reflect these values and beliefs, the degree of coherence and integration among the members of the organization as an internal control system when the bells ring out behaviours limits drawn to the human eye, therefore, these values reflect the organizations ability to create core values can move around all the efforts at all levels of the organization. Component values between several different of culture definition , which represents a common denominator and that these values refer to the attitudes, beliefs and ideas in a particular organization and reach these values to the individuals are obliged by social relations and continuous interaction among them, management will contribute greatly to instil the values espoused by the members when the organization adopts certain values such as to obey the laws and regulations and attention customers and improve efficiency, the organization expects of its members to adopt these values and reflect on their behaviour. Values and organizational culture play an important role in maintaining the identity of the organization and support its presence and influence in the activities of their employees, so managers are keen to develop and adopt organizational values to achieve the objectives of the organizations. However Cultural change is neither easy nor assured .It can take a long time and it takes effort and vigilance. (Philip E. Atkinson 1997) Dell maintained its culture through honesty and open communication. Tell Dell surveys into encourage rank and file employees anonymous evaluation of managers and senior leaders. The company believes that this kind of honesty help to bring change and accountability. Previous assessments have brought improvements in work-life balance, and common goals, classifications and job satisfaction. Dell, the winner of culture and diversity initiatives to create a comprehensive environment for companies on the basis of merit and personal competence and the achievement of equal access to all available opportunities, leading to employee satisfaction with the choice of employees to stay with Dell because of the significant benefits offered by the company, and the company aims to enable workers to maximize its contribution to the company while also maintaining effectiveness between their work and personal lives, as well as sponsors in the community of networks formed by groups of staff that help promote a more inclusive work environment, and improve communication between employees and enhance understanding by all staff about the value of diversity. Dale is described as a culture of meritocracy, which rewards those employees who are working hard to achieve organizational goals. Dell is also promoting a culture of learning within the organization, where each employee is expected to be committed to the promotion of consciousness of the company and work to achieve those objectives, and be on the other hand, Dell is committed to staff development, and help employees achieve personal and professional through the professional management (DELL 2009). Focus on internal efforts in Dell on cultivating and promoting best practices among those working in the areas of policy development, training and employment, direction and development and advancement and culture change, Dell strives to develop and participate fully, and retain talent on a high performance and flexibility in the invitation, in the workplace to enable staff and managers to hold discussions on the needs of every business and every employee in the individual work / life effectiveness of objectives, and then to build an implementation plan for each priority. Council and management of Dell are expected to bring integrity to the management and operation of the company and each and every one of the managers and senior management should be an example where trust, integrity, respect and responsibility of Management. Business and IS/IT strategies IS strategy is the long-term orientation, business-led and demand orientated .At the same time, IS strategy concerned either to support current strategy of business or develop a new strategy for IT choices, the responsibility of IS strategy fall within the range of senior management. IT strategy is described as the basis of the activity. Supply which focuses on technology and demand. It is also for the delivery of IT a practical solution to business problems. IT strategy is not only for the vision that senior managers adopt on IS planning long-term, but instead from the practical application of IT for business. The effective information management strategic can make in enable the institutions to work more competitive and flexible in the global environment and current developments in IS/IT impacting organizations to change the basics elements for prosperity strategic change management. On the other hand the introduction of IS / IT of manufacturing into the business sector, has led to significant improvement, for example in the automotive industry, where most of its processes controlled by the machines, and have the IT / IS computer operating system. IS/IT plays an important and very useful element in the growth of products at various stages, during all the product stages, with manufacturing industries by using computer-aided design to develop the design of product. (Currie.W 1995) You can also use the IT/IS to support the activities of value chain in order to gain a competitive benefit. Making it easier for suppliers to be close the system, improve services, cost savings and accelerate the delivery time while Value added by IT/IS for value chain makes the operations activities faster a result a rapid response to customer requirements and demands. It can also using the added value for the improvement and achieved about the sales activity to provide the competitiveness of the company with its competitors. Dells devised operating framework to guide them the strategic decisions making and manage, dependent for the elements below targeted growth, operational efficiency and capital strategy. Targeted Growth: The company has concentrated on the analysis of the growth opportunities in the future, to consider the customer segments, geography and business groups, but in order to obtain these opportunities, they continue to produce developments to become to the market effectively. Dell believes that if it builds an excellent technology with direct sell, then clients will want to buy this technology, except it must be effective in selling their technologies as it is an image in the first place. So far, it had conducted a long-term analysis of its sales strength; Making sure that they have a sufficient number of appropriate skills and experience with account managers, and the correct management of the accounts in the correct places, and in its target with the opportunities available for development. In this method, this aims to get better results of sales, while declining costs in the sale off. In order to make the service provided to their clients and clear and accountable, Dell has made several new programs; therefore the development of new incentive schemes in the process to achieve greater growth and profits for both Dell and its partners. The company will be the potential for growth can be achieved only by gaining customer loyalty and customer respect the outcome of positive experiences. There must be better coordination of sales and marketing with targeted investment if the company is to increase growth and achieve an improved return on investment in those regions where it is seeking to create more demand, it also a need to interact with customers in those regions where the clients spend a lot of time on the website. Operational Efficiency: Side by side with their search of growth, the company has purposed to get better efficiency and raise the speed and effectiveness in the field of marketing. To this conclusion the structure of companys dell rationalized and managerial matrices have been decreased and nearly three layers of top management have been disconnected, therefore the integration of its global processes with business groups to achieve greater accountability, competence and speed. The completion of the restructuring of large and led to a reduction in costs and benefits in terms of the full cost of this will be seen through the fiscal year. Capital Strategy: The company dell has made significant growth in reducing the total costs that are given the opportunity to invest further capital in the growth and even add to market share. Dell has required to achieve four key benefits of its business, firstly to lower costs, plus increase its capacity at the same time, to manage their business and meet the needs of its customers extra efficiently through access to improved information, it will also seek to improve control over the infrastructure for decrease business risk finally, In order to achieve all of this using Dell technology. Dell will be a wide publicity advertisement to its customers all over the world this way with its own IT. Dell is composed of people who have committed to work well in every day and, therefore, in order to achieve progress, the company invests heavily in developing the skills of its staff. To enable staff to develop performance and competencies with the development of their innovation by giving them this authority, the company also provides comprehensive programs to give opportunities to employees to improve and develop their performance, and in this line ensures the company to increase its competitive advantage, the companys success derives from the success of its managers and employees. The Strategic IS/IT of DELL There are a number of processes are available, each one provides a different framework to a development IT/IS strategic plan. Various analyse such as Porter five forces, the internal analysis (SWOT) and the value chain required to achieve this goal. Plus a number of tools obtainable through the organizations where they can find help to identify ways in which a company can obtain a strategic advantage, while improving the strategy IS/IT. Tools that are explained in the following part has proved to themselves to demonstrate the importance of the role that can be played by information technology in order to obtain certain goals, and business to find areas where IT applications can benefit from them. Conducting Internal Analysis Could be considered internal factors in the IS unit and of the element played by the users managers of IT in the whole process to be implemented, as well as an analysis of Foreign Affairs. And can be used the following tools for this process. SWOT Analysis This is the way that can be used to appraise the strengths and weaknesses, plus opportunities and threats that the organization may contain to agreement with it. Opportunities can be distinct as the range to create new sources or systems that will feature the companys long-term, while the threats can be considered as areas of performance to the changes to be carried out or counter where there is need for introduced (Robson 1997). DELL SWOT analysis Strengths Strong market position Despite the drop in market share to Hewlett-Packard recently, and Dell is still a strong player in the PC hardware segment. In the computer component and equipment manufacturing in the United States, Dell Company was in second ranked with a market share at 18% in 2007 after HP Company 20%. Dell was followed by rivals while the competitors for dell such as IBM, for 11.1% a market share, and Sun Microsystems company on 5% at a market share (Datamonitor 2008). In the computer hardware, software and equipment wholesalers industry in the US, Dell was in first position at 6.5% market share in 2007, followed for Ingram Micro 3.7% and IBM 2.8%. According to the annual ranking Inter brands by 2007, Dell brand was in 31st position among the top 100 brands in 2007 at the world; its brand was valued at $11,554 million (Datamonitor 2008). Dell is also one of the worlds leading companies in the servers segment. The company Dell is a strong market place because its partnership with EMC in the storage sector, Based in the United States information technology infrastructure and solutions company. Dell company is strong market place in the computer component sector will has a strong brand image (DELL Annual Report, 2008). Strong performance in Asia Pacific The Companys over the last three years in Asia Pacific, revenue growth in all product categories through fiscal 2006 and 2007 with strong performance. The revenue at this part rose from $5,465 million to $7,358 million between fiscal 2005 until 2007, a raise at 34.6% and CAGR at 16%. During fiscal 2007 the part in China was led by 26% revenue growth and in Japan by 13% during fiscal 2006. Higher rate revenue growth at the overall region by Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea and India In fiscal 2007. Dell Established in Bangalore, India to development centre and new global research in May 2007 to software products, data-storage systems and develop the new generation by network servers. Plus Dell Company focused in China market because Dells is the third biggest competitor after Lenovo. Furthermore, dell established a design centre in Shanghai, china which played this segment primary key in the start on a low cost price PC Also launched a corporate blog to connect with customers, powerful performance in quick growing markets will be help the dell company to increase revenue growth (Datamonitor 2008). Wide product portfolio The company has a wide range of product, including notebooks, desktops, servers, networking, printers, storage products, ink and toner, accessories, software and televisions. Dell has to perform partnerships with EMC to Promotion Vulnerable areas in storage market. It has powerful manufacturing abilities in the many regions. A wide portfolio by products has aided the dell company to provide offerings to customers, which adds constancy to its revenues. the US Army on March 2007,chose Dell company provide hardware ,servers, networking and storage in addition integration services and installation for its enterprise solutions ,hardware and information technology . Dell is one of six honourees of the Prime Minister for the contract, which is a three-year accord with two one-year extensions and buy a ceiling value of $ 5 billion. Also Dell was selected under the Armys desktop mobile computing contract to provide printers, displays, desktop, peripherals and laptops for three years (Datamonitor 2008). Weaknesses Weak internal controls In August 2005 The United State started an investigation into financial reporting and accounting matters with Dell by Securities Exchange Commission (SEC). As well as in August 2006, begin an investigation in the financial reporting and accounting issues in the company directed its Auditing accounting Committee. In addition, the Attorney in United States for the Southern District on New York to subpoenaed all documentation relating for the dell companys financial reports from 2002 until the present time. Afterward, Released the company announcement of the existence of accounting errors, find evidence of misconduct and deficiency in the fiscal control environment and through Audit Committees investigation. The company is currently evaluating whether these problems require any restatements the previous financial period. As a result, in October 2007, Dell presented its past via periodically reports by Securities Exchange Commission (SEC). Those reports include financial information for fiscal from 2003 until the first quarter of 2007. Accounting mistakes, proof of misconduct, and to fail control in the financial environment, reflecting to weaken internal controls and the reduction of investor confidence in the companys management (Datamonitor 2008). Product recalls According to dell company data it is possible for these batteries to overheat, which could pose a risk of fire. The company was forced to withdraw several products due to quality issues in the recent period. The company announced on August 2006 to withdraw 4.1 million for laptop batteries because to fire risk. These batteries made Dell-branded based with Sony cells. the company offered in December 2005 substitution batteries by some models such as Dell Precision, Dell Latitude and notebook computers by Dell Inspiron because quality issues. In addition, 2004 the company recalled several further products in previous years because problems in the quality, containing printers, AC adapters and Auto-Air power adapters also batteries between 2000 and 2001. In the past few years several product which reflects weak quality function on company Dell (Datamonitor 2008). Testing and Quality operations processes are too applied tospare parts, componentsand subassemblies obtainedby third party suppliers. Dell recently forced to withdraw products because of quality issues, and this means that Dell may not be fully capable of achieving success in achievingat own ambition quality. Product recalls weaken the confidence of customers for products, and increase the advantage of competitors to Dell. Opportunities Acquisitions In 2007, Dell companies have gained many new companies, projects and alsolong-term plans to further acquisitions in the future. Dell made a deal for the private sector Silverback Technologies in July 2007, to provide services through the provision of a platform for the management of infrastructure forIT and remote monitoring devices such as notebook computers, desktop servers, networks and storage. The following month, made ZING systems an agreement with Dell.This agreement allows Dell to use the capacities ZING continue to improve entertainment experience that offers its customers (Datamonitor 2008). performance and optimal solutions in default ISCSI Storage Area Network (SAN), and this would strengthen the Dell product and channel leadership in simplifying andIT solutions for clients at the global level, ISCSI SAN knowledge and technology the fastest growing part of the business volume. As well as at the same time, Dell completed a deal with the Express Company for the services of licensing, as soon as possible, software and software solutions and asset management. In December 2007, Dell has signed an agreement to acquire the privately held with Everdream, a large provider in the field of software-as-a Service (SaaS) that is solutions and managed services from a distance and acquisitions Everdream are a key element in the strategy of Dell simplifies IT (Datamonitor 2008). Expanding PC market In 2006, total revenues to 163.8 billion U.S. dollars in world markets through the computer, and compound annual growth rate (CAGR), representing some 7.3% in the period 2002-2006. In comparison, the market grew at an annual growth rate to reach 9% and 5.1% in Europe, Asia and the Pacific, reaching the value of each to $ 62 billion and $ 41.1 billion between 2002 and 2006 and also, increase the size of a CAGR of 10.8% in the period from 2002 to 2006 the consumption of the market, in 2006, achieving a total of 184 million units. It is expected to grow to market size of 260.8 million units in the year-end 2011 and annual growth rate of 7.2% in the period between 2006till 2011 (Datamonitor 2008). In 2006, the total revenues of 123.1 billion dollars, equivalent to 66.9% of its value in the public markets for sales of the desktop, although the sales of laptop computers of the total income of $ 60.9 billion, representing a 33.1% of market revenue share. At the same time, it is expected to increase market performance in Europe and Asia-Pacific markets with compound annual growth rates would go up by 6.1% and 5.4% respectively, during the same period, up to the values for each of the 83.5 billion also $ 53.5 billion in 2011. It is expanding the market for the computer by allowing the company to enhance the overall revenue base (Datamonitor 2008). New retail agreements Dell company entries of new agreements for retail customers to enable greater access obtain Dell products. In September 2007, Dell is entering into partnership with GOME, the largest distributor of consumer electronics in China, which allows Dell to sell products to many buyers in the computer store. Also in September 2007, Dell opened its first store in Russia retail sale. In October 2007, Dell signed a deal with Staples, which means giving consumers options for the purchase of a wide range of Dell desktops, laptops, printers, ink, toner and observers in 1,400 Staples stores. The company has signed an agreement in November 2007, with a group Carrefour, and became the first trader to sell a comprehensive desktop computers and mobile in Europe. This agreement allows consumers to purchase Dell products in 365 Carrefour Group. In January 2008, the company achieved in the retail trade agreements with theDSG as well as dell made agreement with Tesco, the retailer with international operations in Asia and Europe (Datamonitor 2008). Threats Counterfeit goods Serious threats to the Dell in the market segments of contraband goods, and the black market in 2006, a significant increase in counterfeit products on the black market and smuggling of goods made in China and Hong Kong, where the total value of goods via mainland China and Hong Kong, a significant increase 96.3% to $ 125.6 million in the mainland, and 61.9% to reach 9.4 million in Hong Kong, although the products on the black market of lower quality in most cases is much cheaper and which affect the income of the companys long-term (Datamonitor 2008). The WEEE and ROHS directive At the beginning of August 2005, the EU market to be fiscally responsible for the implementation of its obligations under the WEEE legislation. Which makes producers of electrical goods, including computers, printers, and financially responsible for the disposal and treatment, and the collection and recycling of electrical product in the past and the future. In December 2006, the Parliament of the United Kingdom to introduce a bill to implement the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive, however, the United Kingdom in January 2007, entered into force. In addition China in February 2006, issued a regulation to combat pollution (Datamonitor 2008). And Dell and non-compliance with new environmental legislation can lead to great responsibility and fines. In July 2006, and the reduction of hazardous substances (ROHS) Directive in an effective manner in order to impose restrictions on the use of Dell six hazardous materials, this material is used to produce various kinds of electrical and electronic equipment, which means that the complexity of purchasing and product design(Datamonitor 2008). Economic deceleration in the Euro zone and United States According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in the economic field in the euro area and the United States and are the most important market for Dell. Is expected to slow in 2008 due to the recent turmoil in financial markets, in 2008, is expected to International Monetary Fund (IMF) of the United States economic growth to reduce from 0.9% to 1.9% for the slow growth in the euro zone to 2.1%, as well as reduced growth in the United Kingdom, between 3.1% in 2007 to 2.3% in 2008 (Datamonitor 2008). Economic slowdown in the euro area and the United States could lead to a reduction in spending on information te